1. Cellular respiration
Aerobic
Anaerobic

2. From Photosynthesis to Respiration
Organic food molecules (sugars) are assembled during photosynthesis
The energy stored in the molecular bond of the food is released through respiration
Cellular Respiration: the process by which living organisms obtain energy from the bonds in food molecules

3. The equation Chemical Equation
 6O2 + C3H12O6 reacts to form 6CO2 + 6H ATP
Word Equation
 oxygen + glucose reacts to form carbon dioxide + water + energy
How are Photo and CR related?
 Both processes create a complete cycle - The products of photosynthesis are the reactants in cellular respiration – the products of cellular respiration are the reactants in photosynthesis

4. Adenosine triphosphate
Compound that contains 2 high energy phosphate bonds and is an important source of energy for cells

5. ATP to ADP and back Start with ATP Break off a phosphate group
Energy is released!!
Now we have ADP
Use energy to put a phosphate group back on
Now we have ATP again.
Repeat!!

7. 2 types of respiration Aerobic Anaerobic
Occurs: in the presence of oxygen
Steps:
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Occurs: in the absence of oxygen
types:
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation

8. Cellular Respiration
The goal of all cell respiration is to make energy from glucose
There are 2 types of cell respiration
AEROBIC respiration occurs when oxygenis present and makes a large amount of ATP
ANAEROBIC occurs when oxygen is NOT present and makes a small amount of ATP

9. AEROBIC RESPIRATION = 3 stages glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain

10. Glycolysis Where does this take place? What goes in, what comes out?
Cytoplasm (cytosol) of the cell
What goes in, what comes out?
glucose goes in
pyruvate comes out
What actually happens?
Glucose is converted into 2 pyruvate molecules
This produces a small amount of ATP and Electron carriers (FADH2 and NADH)
How many ATP?? 2
Video

11. Krebs Cycle (citric acid cycle)
Where does this take place?
Matrix of the mitochondria
What goes in, what comes out?
pyruvate goes in
CO2 and Electron Carriers comes out
What actually happens?
Each pyruvate goes through the Krebs cycle (2 cycles)
For each cycle, 3 CO2 are released along with 1 ATP and e- carriers
One cycle for pyruvate releases a total of 6CO2 and 2 ATP for step 2
How many ATP?? 2
Video

12. Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
Where does this take place?
Along the inner membrane of the mitochondria
What goes in, what comes out?
Oxygen and Electron carriers goes in
Water and ATP comes out
What actually happens?
E- carrier molecules bring electrons to the mitochondrion inner membrane.
The electrons move through a series of reactions to produce a large amount of ATP, between 32 and 34
oxygen is the final electron acceptor and binds with hydrogen to form water
How many ATP?? (depending on efficiency)
Video

13. Total ATP of Aerobic Respiration
Glycolysis =
Krebs =
ETC =
Total =

14. Anaerobic Respiration - Fermentation
How do cells get energy if they run out of oxygen, or if there isn’t enough?

15. Anaerobic Respiration (fermentation) enables cells to make ATP in the absence of oxygen
Not as efficient as aerobic respiration, but still produces ATP
Anaerobic respiration is done by muscle cells, bacteria, microorganisms, and a few other types of cells

16. The Process
Fermentation begins with glycolysis, just like aerobic respiration
Glucose is broken down into pyruvate in the cytoplasm of the cell
Pyruvate never enters the mitochondria
Instead, pyruvate is broken down into something else
Either lactic acid or ethyl alcohol (depending on the type of fermentation)
Only results in 2 ATP molecules (vs 36 from aerobic respiration

17. 2 types Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation
Occurs in the muscle cells when they use Up all of the available oxygen
Muscle cells feel fatigued and sore because the lactic acid forms when oxygen is not present.
Examples: yogurt, cheese, pickles
Equation: C6H12O pyruvate ---- lactic acid ATP
Alcoholic Fermentation
Occurs in yeast cells (which live in environments w/o oxygen)
Yeast cells convert the sugar in dough first to pyruvate and then into ethyl alcohol and CO2
Examples:wine, beer, adding ethanol to gas
Equation:C6H12O pyruvate ---- ethanol + CO2 + 2ATP