How do organisms reproduce?

1) Who thinks they can define Reproduction? The process by which living things produce other living things like themselves. The production of offspring.

2) What are Chromosomes? XX Structures found in the nucleus of our cells that determine our physical characteristics (traits). They have the genetic information (DNA). cell Found in Nucleus Chromosomes need to be passed onto the offspring. They are the “instructions” for the cell.

3) Types of Reproduction: Asexual Reproduction X Genetic Information (Chromosomes) Parent Offspring Characteristics of Asexual Reproduction: 1) Is the creation of a new individual from only parent. 1 2) Genetic information of offspring is to the parent.identical Clones

Do the cells in our body undergo asexual reproduction? Yes 4) When do the cells of our body undergo Asexual Reproduction? Growth Repair

Types of Asexual Reproduction: (Mitosis)

BINARY FISSION Two equal sized offspring Example: Bacteria & Ameoba

Dividing Bacteria less than one minute eNotes/Topic5-1_CellDivision.htm

Budding (Unicellular) Cytoplasm divides unequally (Parent large and offspring small) Example: yeast (unicellular)

Budding (Multicellular) Outgrowth from the body of parent that develops into a complete organism May detach: hydra (multicellular) May remain attached: colony of coral

Fragmentation and Regeneration Development of lost parts or growth of an entire new organism from part of original organism Examples: Sea Star and Planaria

Planaria Regeneration 2 minute video

Sporulation Specialized cells are released by parents Enclosed in protective capsules Develop into a new individual when environmental conditions are favorable Example: bread mold

Vegetative Propagation Roots, stems, & leaves are called vegetative structures. They normally play a role in the nutrition & growth of plants. When they give rise to a new plant, the process is called vegetative propagation.

Types of Vegetative Propagation: Natural: 1)Runners 2)Bulbs 3)Tubers 4)Rhizomes Artificial: 1)Cuttings 2)Grafting

Runners Sideways stem that has buds above Ground Example: Strawberries

Bulbs Underground stem with fleshy leaves which store food Example: Tulip

Tuber Underground stem enlarged for storage of food Example: Potatoes

Rhizomes Stems that grow sideways underground. New plant can grow from these stems. Example: Ferns

Artificial Vegetative Propagation Done by humans Asexual reproduction offspring are genetically identical keep traits that you like Fast Seedless! Why?

Cuttings Vegetative part of a plant is cut, and it can develop into a new plant. Root Growth

Grafting A cutting from one plant (scion) is attached to The main body of a rooted plant (stock). Example: Apples

Apple Tree Grafting 4 minute video

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION No sex cells No sex organs – no ovaries or testes Mitosis used Offspring are clones No variation

Brain Pop: Asexual Reproduction 3 minute video exualreproduction/

6) What is Sexual Reproduction? It involves the joining of two cells to begin the development of a new individual. These special cells are called: Sex Cells (Gametes)

7) What are the names of these sex cells? Sperm Cell (Male) Egg cell (Female) 8) The joining of a sperm cell with an egg cell is called fertilization.

Sexual Reproduction XX + Sperm Egg Offspring A fertilized egg cell is called a Zygote Characteristics of Sexual Reproduction: 1) Is the creation of a new individual from parents.2 2) Offspring are not genetically to the parents.identical

We get half our genetic information from mom and half our genetic information from dad 23 Females: Egg cells Males: Sperm cells

9) Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction 1 Parent Offspring are identical Bacteria, Amoeba, Body Cells Produce Offspring Critical for survival of the species 2 Parents Offspring are not identical Humans, Dogs, Plants Asexual ReproductionSexual Reproduction