Chapter 5 The West

Cultures Clash on the Prairie Read pages and answer the following questions: 1.What was the culture of the Plain Native Americans? 2.Why was the buffalo so important? What was it used for? 3. How did the Homestead Act and Pacific Railroad Act affect Native Americans living on the Great Plains?

Culture of Native Americans Nomadic Roamed to hunt for buffalo Often led to problems with other tribes and settlers

2. Why was the buffalo so important? What was it used for? Buffalo used for everything: food source, teepees, clothes, bones used for tools, horns carved into bowls, burned waste Page americans

3. How did the Homestead Act and Pacific Railroad Act affect Native Americans living on the Great Plains? 400, ,000 families moved west Sparked conflict with Native Americans Railroads made it easier to move west and ship products east

The Government Restricts Native Americans Read pages

The _____ provided many basic needs for the Plains Indians. 1.Horse 2.Buffalo 3.Dog 4.Cow

The prospect of striking _____ drew many settlers to the Great Plains. 1.Gold 2.Oil 3.Tin 4.Copper

The massacre at _____ left over 150 Native Americans dead. 1.Little Bighorn 2.Wounded Knee 3.Fallen Timbers 4.Sand Creek

In the Treaty of Fort Laramie, the ____ agreed to move to reservations 1.Navajo 2.Sioux 3.Cherokee 4.Seminole

The Dawes Act made _____ the policy of “americanizing” the Native Americans. 1.Assimilation 2.Homesteaders 3.Ghost Dance 4.None of the above

General Custer and his troops were routed at the __________. 1.Battle of Little Big Horn 2.Battle of Wounded Knee 3.Massacre at Sand Creek 4.Battle of Fallen Timbers

By 1900, only 1 herd of buffalo remained in Yellowstone. 1.True 2.False

At _____ over 300 Native Americans were killed. 1.Sand Creek 2.Little Bighorn 3.Fetterman 4.Wounded Knee

The Battle of ____ brought an end to the Indian Wars. 1.Sand Creek 2.Little Bighorn 3.Wounded Knee 4.Fallen Timbers

Native Americans were forced to move to reservations of assimilate into “American” culture. 1.True 2.False

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The Government Restricts Native Americans Massacre at Sand Creek In 1864, Cheyenne forced to a barren area in CO They began raiding trails and settlements for food U.S. Army attacks, killing over 150 unarmed Native Americans

The Government Restricts Native Americans Treaty of 1868 Government agreed to close the Bozeman Trail Sioux agreed to live on a reservation Sitting Bull never signed the treaty Violence did not stop

The Government Restricts Native Americans Battle of Little Bighorn Gold found in the Black Hills U.S. Army sent George Custer Custer attacked and him and all his men were killed

The Government Restricts Native Americans The Dawes Act Made assimilation the American policy toward Native Americans “Americanize” or live on reservations

The Government Restricts Native Americans The Destruction of the Buffalo Destroyed the N.A. main source of food, shelter, fuel 1800 = 15 million buffalo 1900 = one herd in Yellowstone National Park William F. Cody, “Buffalo Bill”, killed 4300 himself in an 8 month span

The Government Restricts Native Americans Wounded Knee Sitting Bull was killed while being arrested Chaos erupted Sioux were forced to give up their rifles, a shot was fired Over 300 Native Americans were killed This marks the end of the Indian Wars Map: page 205

The Cattle Industry Why was the railroad so important? 1.Could ship cattle back east 2.Towns like Dodge City and Abilene became destinations for cowboys 3.Chicago becomes the #1 meat packing city Why did the industry disappear? 1.Land was overgrazed and ruined 2.Bad weather, droughts, fires, blizzards 3.Invention of barbed wire, invented by Joseph Glidden

Settling on the Great Plains Why was it settled so fast? railroads and the government’s land policy Railroads: Union Pacific and Central Pacific race to lay more track The 2 met at Promontory Point, Utah to complete 1 st transcontinental railroad Government gave away free land Many immigrants attracted to the west

The Homestead Act 1.Who was president when the act was finally passed? 2.What did the act do? 3.Why did it take so long to pass? 4.How could settlers keep their land after 5 years? 5.Why would it be difficult to move west? 6.What type of people did the act attract west?

Settling on the Great Plains Homesteader = anyone who settled on free land Oklahoma Land Rush Yellowstone National Park established in 1872

Challenges Faced by the Settlers 1.Shelter – not a lot of wood, many built soddy’s 2.Alone on the frontier – had to be self- sufficient 3.Financial problems Farmers relied on crops to pay back loans droughts caused many problems railroads charged too much many farmers focused on one crop – bonanza farms