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Changes on the Western Frontier

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Presentation on theme: "Changes on the Western Frontier"— Presentation transcript:

1 Changes on the Western Frontier

2 What causes the lack of accepting/ understanding diverse cultures?
Why? How do we break down barriers between cultures? 2

3 The Culture of the Plains Indians
Live on the Great Plains Some tribes nomadic Lifestyle changes with introduction of the horse Depended on buffalo Live in communities Use tribal governments Very spiritual No private land ownership

4 Government Restricts Native Americans
Native Americans and white settlers often clashed over claims to land, hunting rights, resources, fear, and honor. Government needs more land for RR’s, so they give boundaries to the tribes.

5 Government Restricts Native Americans
Treaty of Ft. Laramie Most Sioux agree to live on a reservation Sitting Bull never signs it He doesn’t believe he can sign for his whole tribe.

6 Government Restricts Native Americans
Battle of Little Big Horn (1876) Sitting Bull defeats Gen. George Custer and all U.S. troops Native Americans retreat to Canada Surrender to U.S. Army to avoid starvation

7 Government Supports Assimilation
Prompt: What does society want you to be? Assimilation: Native Americans give up their beliefs and culture to become part of white culture. Dawes Act (1887) Government plan of forced assimilation Broke up reservations Failure

8 The Battle of Wounded Knee
U.S. Army rounds up 300 Sioux and demanded the Sioux turn over their weapons Fighting broke out Army troops killed over 300 unarmed Sioux Signals an end of the “Indian Wars”

9 Buffalo was used for: Meat and jerky
Hide for tepees, clothing, shields Skull for sacred rituals Horns for bowls and spoons Bones for tools, hoofs for glue The destruction of the Buffalo shared ideas of “Total Warfare” With the destruction of the Buffalo Indians were forced onto reservations where their way of life was forever threatened. 9

10 Cattle Becomes Big Business
Americans herded longhorn cattle on the Great Plains. Cowboys adopted much of their culture from Mexican vaqueros.

11 Cattle Becomes Big Business
Growth in urban cities increased demand for beef. Cattle ranchers had to herd the cattle along trails to Kansas, where they would be shipped by RR’s to Chicago.

12 Government Supports Settlement
Homestead Act: Gave 160 acres of land to anyone who would farm it for five years 600 K arrive Included exodusters Oklahoma Land Giveaway Created “sooners”

13 Settlers Meet Challenges of Plains
Challenges Included Environmental Challenges Loneliness Amount of Work Low Crop Prices High Shipping Prices High Equipment Prices Loans and lack of cash

14 Farmers Unite to Address Problems
Problems for Farmers Low Crop Prices Overproduction Scarcity of Land High Shipping Prices (RR’s)

15 Farmers Unite to Address Problems
The Grange Founded by Oliver Hudson Kelly in 1867 Purpose: To provide a place for farmers to discuss social and educational issues Instrumental in fight against RR’s Populism: A movement to gain political and economic power for common people.

16 Rise and Fall of Populism
Populist Party Platform Reforms to help farmers and laborers Increase money supply to increase prices Loan programs 8 hour work day Immigration restrictions Reforms to make government more democratic Direct election of Senators Secret-ballot elections

17 Rise and Fall of Populism
Election of 1896 William McKinley (R) defeated William Jennings Bryan (D) Signals an end of the Populist Movement

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