Education policy of Pakistan By : Sana ullah

 What is education policy?  Goals of education policy  Different education policies of Pakistan  Pakistan expenditure on education  Literacy rate of Pakistan  Problems in education system of Pakistan  Possible solution for these problems  conclusion

 Education policy is the principles and government policy-making in educational sphere, as well as the collection of laws and rules that govern the operation of education systems.  Education occurs in many forms for many purposes through many institutions.  Examples include early childhood education, kindergarten through to 12th grade, two and four year colleges or universities, graduate and professional education, adult education and job training.  Therefore, education policy can directly affect the education people engage in at all ages.

1. Improve the academic success of all students by strengthening standards-based reforms, including assessments and accountability measures. 2. Establish and maintain a statewide education finance system based upon principles of adequacy, equity, accountability and predictability. 3. Build effective educational capacity to support learning by all students, with special emphasis on the need to ensure a qualified teacher in every classroom at all times.

4. Ensure that all every school shall have school leaders who will promote and support high achievement for all students through effective instructional leadership, school management and governance. 5. Enact state policies that shall ensure that every young child in the state shall have access to high-quality early education programs including pre-school and full-day kindergarten. 6. Ensure that all citizens of all ages shall have practical financial and physical access to a rich range of post- secondary educational opportunities.

1) Education & Constitution of Pakistan 2) National Education Policies ( & 2009) 3) The National Education Policy (2009) 4) National Plan of Action for EFA ( ) 5) Provincial Education Sector Plans 6) Free Education and Incentives to Enhance Enrolments and Retention 7) The National Plan of Action for Accelerating Education-Related MDGs ( )

The constitution of pakistan (1973) promised to its citizensn article 37 (b) & (c) that "the State shall remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory secondary education within the minimum possible period; make technical and professional education generally available and higher education equally accessible by all on the basis of merit".

 During the past two decade only two major education policy intervention; the National Education Policy of ; and the National Education Policy  Both of these were made by the education officials from federal and provincial governments, academia, private sector, non- government organizations, and international development partners

The main points of this policy are the following.. i. Increasing enrolment and enhancing education budget ii. Formal recognition and integration of traditional Katchi (pre-primary) iii. Addressing the issue of out-of-school children iv. Literacy and functional literacy programs for adult illiterates v. Removal of urban-rural and gender imbalances in education sector vi. Encouraging private sector participation and effective community involvement Unfortunately, this important education policy could not be implemented effectively due to unforeseen and abrupt political changes as a result of military coup

Achieving universal and free primary education by 2015 and up to class 10 by Promoting access and quality of Early Childhood Education. Achieving 86% Adult Literacy by Enhancing education budget up to 7% of GDP by Promoting equity in education with the aim to eliminate social exclusion and provision of increased opportunities to marginalized groups, particularly girls. Improve quality of education. National Standards for educational inputs, processes and outputs shall be determined. Introduction of a common curriculum framework for public and private sectors.

The EFA National Plan of Action ( ) was prepared and endorsed by the first Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP I ) but could not be implemented due to lack of financial support, both indigenous and external. Similarly 15-year provincial and district EFA plan were also prepared.

The provinces of Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa have recently prepared Education Sector Plans. The KP Education Sector Plan ( ) aims at achieving Universal Primary Education (UPE) by 2015; as well as achieving 50% improvement in adult literacy, especially for women. The Balochistan Education Sector Plan ( to ) focuses on: (i) improving quality of education; (ii) early childhood education; (iii) access & equity; (iv) governance& management; and (v) adult literacy & non-formal education

To increase the enrollment ratio in the schools the GOP took the following steps.  Free education  Incentives for girls  Food for education

In september 2013 the GOP completed the formulation of national plan of action which is design to accelerate progress towards educational related goals and targets. The plan aims at.  Enhancing enrolment of out-of-school children in primary education  increasing retention at primary level and completion of primary education by all enrolled children  Improving quality of primary education

 Lack of proper planning  Social constraints  Gender gap  Cost on education  War on terror  Funds for education  Technical education

 Need for the implementation of education policies  Uniform curriculum ; this will provide equal opportunities for both the rural and urban students  Government and NGOs should work for the rural areas students  Most of the school building are occupied by feudal lords  Special grants for those provinces where literacy rate is low

 Over the 50 year period since independence, efforts to increase enrollment and literacy have not been scarce.  A final common feature of all policies, and schemes is that all of them failed to achieve their objectives  The shifting sands of educational priorities was not limited to enrollment and literacy targets alone. The  Basic approach to education also suffered sharp swings.  All education policies in Pakistan shows that setting targets, bemoaning the failure to achieve the same, and setting new targets with unqualified optimism has been a continuing game policy makers have played add nauseam and at great public expense over the last 63 years.

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