TOBACCO

Statistics: Kills 400,000 people a year. 1 in 5 deaths in the US are related to smoking. On average, someone who smokes a pack or more a day will live 7 years less than someone who never smokes. In a survey of U.S. teens, 65% said they strongly dislike being around smokers. 86% said they’d rather date someone who does not smoke.

What is tobacco? A Stimulant The dried and treated leaves of the tobacco plant Contains over 4000 chemicals and 599 additives 51 of those chemicals are carcinogens  Cancer causing agents

Acetanisole Acetic Acid Acetoin Acetophenone 6-Acetoxydihydrotheaspirane 2-Acetyl-3- Ethylpyrazine 2-Acetyl-5-Methylfuran Acetylpyrazine 2-Acetylpyridine 3-Acetylpyridine 2-Acetylthiazole Aconitic Acid dl-Alanine Alfalfa Extract Allspice Extract,Oleoresin, and Oil Allspice Extract,Oleoresin, and Oil Allyl Hexanoate Allyl Ionone Almond Bitter Oil Ambergris Tincture Ammonia Ammonium Bicarbonate Ammonium Hydroxide Ammonium Phosphate Dibasic Ammonium Sulfide Amyl Alcohol Amyl Butyrate Amyl Formate Amyl Octanoate alpha-Amylcinnamaldehyde Coriander Extract and Oil Corn Oil Corn Silk Costus Root Oil Cubeb Oil Cuminaldehyde para-Cymene 1-Cysteine Amyris Oil trans-Anethole Angelica Root Extract, Oil and Seed Oil Anise Anise Star, Extract and Oils Anisyl Acetate Anisyl Alcohol Anisyl Formate Anisyl Phenylacetate Apple Juice Concentrate, Extract, and Skins Apricot Extract and Juice Concentrate 1-Arginine Asafetida Fluid Extract And Oil Ascorbic Acid 1-Asparagine Monohydrate 1-Aspartic Acid Balsam Peru and Oil Basil Oil Bay Leaf, Oil and Sweet Oil Beeswax White Beet Juice Concentrate Benzaldehyde Benzaldehyde Glyceryl Acetal Benzoic Acid, Benzoin Benzoin Resin Benzophenone Benzyl Alcohol Benzyl Benzoate Benzyl Butyrate Benzyl Cinnamate Benzyl Propionate Benzyl Salicylate Bergamot Oil Bisabolene Black Currant Buds Absolute Borneol Bornyl Acetate Buchu Leaf Oil 1,3-Butanediol 2,3-Butanedione 1-Butanol 2-Butanone 4(2-Butenylidene)-3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-Cyclohexen-1- One Butter, Butter Esters, and Butter Oil Butyl Acetate Butyl Butyrate Butyl Butyryl Lactate Butyl Isovalerate Butyl Phenylacetate Butyl Undecylenate 3-Butylidenephthalide Butyric Acid] Cadinene Caffeine Calcium Carbonate Camphene Cananga Oil Capsicum Oleoresin Caramel Color Caraway Oil Carbon Dioxide Cardamom Oleoresin, Extract, Seed Oil, and Powder Carob Bean and Extract beta-Carotene Carrot Oil Carvacrol 4-Carvomenthenol 1-Carvone beta-Caryophyllene beta-Caryophyllene Oxide Cascarilla Oil and Bark Extract Cassia Bark Oil Cassie Absolute and Oil Castoreum Extract, Tincture and Absolute Cedar Leaf Oil Cedarwood Oil Terpenes and Virginiana Cedrol Celery Seed Extract, Solid, Oil, And Oleoresin Cellulose Fiber Chamomile Flower Oil And Extract Chicory Extract Chocolate Cinnamaldehyde Cinnamic Acid Cinnamon Leaf Oil, Bark Oil, and Extract Cinnamyl Acetate Cinnamyl Alcohol Cinnamyl Cinnamate Cinnamyl Isovalerate Cinnamyl Propionate Citral Citric Acid Citronella Oil dl-Citronellol Citronellyl Butyrate itronellyl Isobutyrate Civet Absolute Clary Oil Clover Tops, Red Solid Extract Cocoa Cocoa Shells, Extract, Distillate And Powder Coconut Oil Coffee Cognac White and Green Oil Copaiba Oil This is only A – C! Cigarette Additives

Types of Tobacco Use Cigarettes- smoked with a filter on the end Pipes- device that is filled with tobacco; usually has no filter Cigars- smoked and has no filter; stays in the mouth for extended period of time

Types of Smokeless Tobacco Chewing tobacco- made from chopped leaves and placed between the gums and cheek Snuff- made from the powder of tobacco leaves and stems and is usually placed between the gums and cheek (fine grain)

EACH YEAR: About 30,000 Americans learn they have mouth and throat cancers Nearly 8,000 die of these diseases Sadly, only about half of people with diagnosed mouth or throat cancer survive more than 5 years.

The most dangerous carcinogens: Tar  Tiny particles in smoke that form a sticky mixture in the lungs  Makes it harder to breath Carbon monoxide  Odorless, tasteless gas  Same deadly gas that’s contained in car exhaust Nicotine  Addictive substance found in tobacco

Some of the Chemicals In Cigarettes Benzene (petrol additive) used as a solvent in fuel and in chemical manufacturing - and contained in cigarette smoke.  A known carcinogen associated with leukemia. Formaldehyde (embalming fluid) A colorless liquid, highly poisonous, used to preserve dead bodies - also found in cigarette smoke.  Known to cause cancer, respiratory, skin and gastrointestinal problems. Ammonia (toilet cleaner) Often found in dry cleaning fluids. Acetone (nail polish remover) used as a solvent, for example, nail polish remover. Found in cigarette smoke.

Chemicals In Cigarettes cont. Tar Particulate matter drawn into lungs when you inhale on a lighted cigarette. Once inhaled, smoke condenses and about 70 percent of the tar in the smoke is deposited in the smoker's lungs. Nicotine (insecticide/addictive drug) This is the chemical which causes addiction. Carbon Monoxide ( car exhaust fumes) An odorless, tasteless and poisonous gas, rapidly fatal in large amounts  The same gas that comes out of car exhausts A rsenic (rat poison) Hydrogen Cyanide (gas chamber poison)

Why people choose NOT to use tobacco Health problems Stain fingers and teeth Bad breath Odor (self, car, house, clothes) Premature wrinkling of the skin Expensive Socially unacceptable Moral beliefs Don’t like the taste

Lip Cancer

Why people START using tobacco Stress  Depression  Anger  Frustration  Boredom  Anxiety  Nerves

Smoking’s Effects on Your Teeth

Why people START using tobacco cont. Social pressures  To be like someone they admire  Friends  Parents  Famous person

Removing the Cancer

Why people START using tobacco cont. Advertising  Targeted towards young people Shows users as  Healthy  Happy  Attractive  Slim  Calm  Mature  Glamorous  Sophisticated  Rugged  Independent  tough

Advertising Tobacco companies spend billions of dollars a year to convince people to begin smoking. They especially target people near the age of 18. They figure if they can get a person to start smoking by this age they will have a customer for life.

Advertising Magazines Movies Internet Can NOT advertise on  Television  Radio  Billboards

Full 2 page ad in a magazine

Risk for tobacco users HEART DISEASE Atherosclerosis- a buildup of fatty material on the artery walls  Smoking contributes to this in many ways Damages the lining of the arteries Increases total blood cholesterol while lowering the good cholesterol Blood platelets become stickier so they clot more easily Decreases the amount of oxygen in the blood

Risk for tobacco users CANCER Cancer- abnormal, uncontrolled growth of cells that invade and destroy healthy tissue  Most common: Lung cancer Oral cancer Throat cancer

Risk for tobacco users Lung cancer  Primary symptoms Shortness of breath Coughing up mucus, sometimes with blood Oral cancer Tongue and lips Tongue cancer Lip cancer

Leukoplakia  White patches on the lips, gums, tongue, and inner cheeks Throat cancer Cancer of the larynx  Persistent hoarseness Leukoplakia

Risk for smokers CHRONIC LUNG DISEASES  Bronchitis- inflammation of the mucus membrane that lines the air passage Irritates the mucus membrane, and the air passage becomes clogged Causes coughing, difficulty breathing and heavy feeling in the chest  Emphysema- at the end of the bronchial tubes are tiny air sacks (alveoli). You needs these to release O2 into your blood. A smoker is destroying their air sacks and are not able to get enough oxygen.  Lungs become unable to deflate fully during exhaling  Breathing becomes difficult

Activity Breath through the large straw for 30 seconds. Write how you felt/experienced. Breath through the small straw for 20 seconds. Write how you felt/experienced. Which one is for a smoker and which is for a person for a chronic lung disease?

Normal lung Tobacco lung

Risk for smokers Clots: stroke or aneurysm Triggers allergies Suffer from the common cold more often Influenza and pneumonia Tooth loss and gum disease Low birth weight in infants and/or premature deliveries

Risk for smokers Tar  Makes it harder to breath Carbon monoxide  Takes place of the oxygen in blood  Makes it harder to breath, see, hear, and judge Nicotine  Speeds up heart rate  Increases blood pressure

Tar that is in your Lungs right now from smoking ½ pack of Cigarettes per day for one year.

Risk for nonsmokers Second hand smoke- breathing air that has been contaminated with tobacco smoke Mainstream smoke- smoke that has been inhaled and exhaled by the smoker Sidestream smoke- smoke from the burning end of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe

Risk for nonsmokers Which one is more harmful for a nonsmoker, mainstream or sidestream? Why? Sidestream smoke is more harmful than mainstream  Has not gone through a filter  Contains twice as much tar and nicotine  Contains five times as much carbon monoxide

Risks for Chewing Tobacco Users: Immediate: bad breath, yellow-brown stains on your teeth, mouth sores Cracking and bleeding gums Receding gums (teeth will eventually fall out) Increased heart rate, high blood pressure, irregular heartbeats (all leading to risk of heart attacks and brain damage from strokes) Oral Cancer (lips, tongue, floor or roof of mouth, cheeks, or gums) Can also lead to cancer of the stomach, esophagus, or bladder

Surgeon General’s Warning Smoking causes lung cancer, heart disease, emphysema, and may complicate pregnancy Quitting smoking now greatly reduces serious risks to your health Smoking by pregnant females may result in fetal injury, premature births, and low-birth weight Cigarette smoke contains carbon monoxide

Smokeless tobacco warnings: This product is not a safe alternative to cigarettes This product may cause gum disease This product may cause mouth cancer

Withdraw Symptoms When smokers try to cut back or quit, the lack of nicotine leads to withdrawal symptoms. Withdrawal is both physical and mental. Physically, the body reacts to the absence of nicotine. Mentally, the smoker is faced with giving up a habit, which calls for a major change in behavior. Both the physical and mental factors must be addressed for the quitting process to work. Dizziness (lasts 1-2 days)-Depression-Anxiety Feelings of frustration, impatience, and anger-Irritability Sleep disturbances-Trouble concentrating Restlessness or boredom-headaches-Tiredness Increased appetite-Weight Gain (usually not more than 10 lbs) Constipation and Gas-cough, dry mouth, sore throat, nasal drip Chest tightness-Slower heart rate

Benefits of quitting: Once you stop, your body starts to clean itself Level of nicotine and carbon monoxide in bloodstream drop, heart rate decreases, blood pressure lowers Smokers cough starts to clear up Cilia begin to recover Colds and lung infections occur less Food taste better Smell improves Tobacco stains improve

How to Quit: Nicotine Gum or Patch Tobacco-free, mint-leaf snuff Sugarless gum Hard candy or beef jerky Sunflower seeds or shredded coconut Raisins or Dried fruit Healthy activities: lifting weights, sports, running Don’t be around those who use tobacco Let your family and friends know that you are trying to quit

Quitting continued Set a quit date Keep track of your tobacco use List your reasons for quitting Relaxation technique Reward yourself

Cost of smoking Cost-$5.00 How much: 1. 1 pack a day for 1 week 2. 1 pack a day for 1 month 3. 1 pack a day for 1 year 4. 1 pack a day for 3 years 5. 1 pack a day for 5 years

Assignment: Create a cartoon drawing, comic strip, typed brochure or poster to help illustrate a major topic within the tobacco unit. Examples of topics include: benefits of quitting, health risks, etc. 5 pts=anti-tobacco message 10 pts=neatness 5 pts=color 10 pts=information about the topic

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