Growth and Development In this chapter, you will Learn About… Adolescence. The male reproductive system. The female reproductive system. Human development. Making the most of your teen years.

Adolescence In this lesson, you will Learn About… The influence of the endocrine system on growth and development. The physical, mental/emotional, and social changes that occur during adolescence.

Standards 1 : The student will comprehend concepts related to health promotion to enhance health.

Indictors G Explain the structures and functions of the male and female reproductive systems

Relevance

Adolescence The Vocabulary terms for this lesson are : Adolescence. Adolescence Hormones. Hormones Endocrine system. Endocrine system Metabolism. Metabolism Puberty. Puberty

Growing and Changing During your teen years, you will experience physical, mental, and emotional changes. Changes are a normal part of adolescence.adolescence Many of the changes during adolescence are brought about by hormones, chemical substances produced in certain glands that help to regulate the way your body functions.

The Endocrine System The hormones that cause the physical and emotional changes of adolescence are produced by your endocrine system.endocrine system The endocrine system produces hormones that go directly into your bloodstream. The hormones are then carried to different parts of the body to control various functions.

The Endocrine System (cont’d.) Pituitary gland The pituitary gland produces several hormones that control the work of other glands and organs. Thyroid gland The hormone produced by the thyroid gland regulates body growth and the rate of metabolism.metabolism Pancreas The pancreas controls the level of sugar in the blood and provides the small intestine with enzymes. Parathyroid glands These glands regulate the levels of calcium and phosphorous in the blood. Adrenal glands The adrenal glands produce hormones that help regulate the balance of salt and water in the body. Ovaries (in female) Hormones produced in the ovaries control sexual development and the maturing of eggs. Testes (in male) The hormone produced in the testes controls sexual development and the production of sperm.

Physical Development You may already have noticed some of the changes that adolescence brings. Here are some of the physical signs of puberty: puberty Teen boys will find their voices become deeper. Their muscles develop and their shoulders may broaden. Teen girls will notice changes in their body shapes.

Physical Development (cont’d.) Male hormone production increases. Sudden, rapid growth occurs. All permanent teeth come into place. Acne may appear. Underarm hair appears. Pubic hair appears. Perspiration increases. External genitals enlarge. Female hormone production increases. Sudden, rapid growth occurs. All permanent teeth come into place. Acne may appear. Underarm hair appears. Pubic hair appears. Perspiration increases. External genitals enlarge.

Mental Development During adolescence, you develop more complex thinking skills and recognize your responsibilities. You learn to: Analyze and solve complicated problems. Rely on values to make responsible decisions. Recognize that other people have points of view that differ from yours. Realize your power to make choices that can affect your life.

Emotional Development The teen years are a time of emotional changes as well. During adolescence: The approval and acceptance of your peers begins to matter more. You may begin to feel attracted to members of the opposite gender. Teens who experience early growth may feel more mature than their peers. Teens who experience later growth may be worried about looking younger than their peers.

Emotional Changes Adolescence may bring on powerful emotions. You may even experience mood swings. Mood swings are a natural part of being a teen. They are caused by the release of hormones as well as the changes that you are going through. The fluctuations in your emotions are signs that you are maturing emotionally.

Expressing Your Emotions No matter what you are feeling, it is important to express your emotions in constructive and appropriate ways. Try to face feelings of anger, sadness, or frustration instead of hiding them. Tell someone if a problem is bothering you or if you often feel sad. If you are angry or upset with someone, take time to consider the other person’s point of view.

Social Development As you progress through your teen years, your sense of identity is likely to undergo major changes. As a result of these changes, you will become part of new social groups and be involved in interests and activities that are important to you. The interests and activities that you pursue in adolescence, your attitudes, and your values will help shape the type of person you will become as an adult.

Reviewing Terms and Facts 1.What are hormones? Hormones are chemical substances produced in certain glands that help to regulate the way your body functions.

Reviewing Terms and Facts 2.Describe the influences of the endocrine system on growth and development. The endocrine system produces hormones that go directly into the bloodstream. The hormones are then carried to different parts of the body to control various functions, including growth and development.

3.Which of the many changes of adolescence do you think are most challenging for teens to cope with? Explain your choices. Thinking Critically

Vocabulary Review Adolescence is the stage of life between childhood and adulthood, usually beginning somewhere between the ages 11 and 15.

Vocabulary Review Hormones are chemical substances produced in certain glands that help to regulate the way your body functions.

Vocabulary Review The endocrine system consists of glands throughout the body that regulate body functions.

Vocabulary Review Metabolism is the process by which the body gets energy from food.

Vocabulary Review Puberty is the time when you develop physical characteristics of adults of your own gender.

Fold the sheet of paper along the long axis, leaving a 2” tab along the side. Turn the paper and fold it into thirds.

Unfold and cut the top layer along both fold lines. This makes three tabs. Label the tabs as shown.

Define key terms and record what you learn about the changes that take place during adolescence.

Find out whether your choices, attitudes, and behaviors show that you are preparing for adulthood by taking the Health Inventory for Chapter 6 at