1. Endocrine & Reproductive System Notes

2. Endocrine System Consists of the glands that release their products (hormones) into the bloodstream These products deliver messages throughout the body Hormones – chemicals released in one part of the body that affect the activities of cells in other parts of the body

3. Endocrine System Types of Glands: 1. Pituitary – secretes 9 hormones that regulate many body functions 2. Pineal gland – controls daily sleep-wake cycles 3. Hypothalamus – controls secretions of the pituitary 4. Thyroid – regulates the body’s metabolism

4. Endocrine System Types of Glands: 5. Parathyroid – works with thyroid to maintain homeostasis of calcium levels in blood 6. Adrenal – releases hormones that help the body prepare for and deal with stress 7. Pancreas – helps maintain blood sugar levels 8. Reproductive Glands – produce sex hormones; ovaries in females; testes in males

5. Endocrine System Picture

7. Reproductive System Reproduction is the formation of new individuals The reproductive system produces, stores and releases specialized sex cells known as gametes Puberty – period of rapid growth and sexual maturation during which the reproductive system becomes fully functional; hormones are released to start this process

8. Male Reproductive System Consists of testes, urethra and penis for males Main function is to produce and deliver sperm Sperm cells are made from the process of meiosis, which means they are haploid – contains only a single set of chromosomes

9. Female Reproductive System Consists of ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina for females Main function is to produce ova (eggs), which are haploid, meaning they contain only one set of chromosomes Females have another responsibility - the uterus nurtures and protects the developing embryo (organism in the early stages of development)

10. Fertilization Fertilization – the process of a sperm joining an egg After the 2 haploid nuclei (one from the sperm & one from the egg) fuse, a single diploid nucleus is formed The fertilized egg produced is called a zygote

12. Picture of Zygote Formation 23 + 23 = 46