Understanding Diabetes: Causes, Treatment & Prevention Korinne McGladrey Timmy Phomsouvanh

Agenda  Description of the condition  Statistics  Types  Causes  Symptoms  Complications  Treatment  Prevention

Diabetes: Description “Diabetes mellitus (MEL-ih-tus), or simply, diabetes, is a group of diseases characterized by high blood glucose levels that result from defects in the body's ability to produce and/or use insulin.” (American Diabetes Association, 2011).

Diabetes: Statistics (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011) Percent County-level Estimates of Diagnosed Diabetes among Adults aged ≥ 20 years: United States, 2008

Diabetes: Statistics (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011)

Diabetes: Statistics  25.8 million children and adults in the United States—8.3% of the population—have diabetes  7.0 million of these individuals have not been diagnosed  79 million people are considered “prediabetes” (American Diabetes Association, 2011)

Diabetes: Types  Type 1  Auto immune disease  Typically diagnosed in children and young adults (“juvenile diabetes”)  5% of population  Type 2  Adult-onset  Most common form (95%)  Gestational  Glucose intolerance during pregnancy in a woman who does not have diabetes (American Diabetes Association, 2011)

Diabetes: Causes  Type 1  Exact cause unknown  The pancreas does not make the insulin required to carry glucose in the blood to the body’s tissues  Insulin is a hormone needed for the body to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy necessary for the body to function (Diabetes: Good Food Choices, 2008)

Diabetes: Causes  Type 2  Occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or the insulin does not work effectively  Obesity and physical inactivity can be causes  Type 2 diabetes is more common in:  African Americans  Latinos  Native Americans  Asian Americans  Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders (Diabetes: Good Food Choices, 2008)

Diabetes: Causes  Gestational  Pregnancy hormones can block insulin from doing its job  This blockage may result in an increase of glucose levels  Usually occurs at 28 weeks or later (American Diabetes Association, 2011)

Diabetes: Symptoms  Type 1  Extreme fatigue and irritability  Frequent urination  Unusual thirst  Extreme hunger  Unusual weight loss (American Diabetes Association, 2011)

Diabetes: Symptoms  Type 2  Frequent infections  Blurred vision  Cuts/bruises that are slow to heal  Tingling/numbness in the hands and/or feet  Recurring skin, gum, or bladder infections  Often people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms (American Diabetes Association, 2011)

Diabetes: Complications  Heart disease & stroke  High blood pressure (140/90)  Blindness  Nervous system disease (Neuropathy)  Kidney disease  Amputation (American Diabetes Association, 2011)

Diabetes: Treatment  Regular health check-ups  Monitoring blood glucose  Oral medications  Insulin injections  Kidney dialysis  Pancreas transplant (American Diabetes Association, 2011)

Diabetes: Prevention  Reduce fat, increase fiber in diet  Increase level of physical activity  Exercise regularly  Maintain a healthy body weight  Keep cholesterol levels low  Maintain healthy blood pressure (American Diabetes Association, 2011)

Resources American Diabetes Association 4424 South 700 East #100 Salt Lake City, UT Phone: (801) fax: Community Health Information Center (CHIC) – McKay Dee Hospital 4401 Harrison Blvd. Ogden, Utah Phone: (801) Diabetes Specialty Center 3955 Harrison Blvd. Ogden, Utah Phone: (801) Utah Diabetes Center 615 Arapeen Drive, Suite 100 Salt Lake City, Utah Phone: (801) The Diabetes Care Centers of Utah at Davis Hospital 1600 West Antelope Drive Layton, Utah Phone: (801)

Thank you!