Seeds and Flowers Plant reproduction

Plants without seeds ☼ Use Spores for reproduction 1.All Non-vascular plants- E.g. Phylum Hepatophyta (Liverworts) Phylum Anthocerophyta (Hornworts) Phylum Bryophyta (Mosses)

Plants without seeds 2. Phylum Pterophyta (Ferns) (spores in sporangia on underside of fronds) 3. Phylum Psilophyta (whisk ferns) 4. Phylum Lycophyta (Club Mosses) 5. Phylum Sphenophyta (Horsetails)

Plants with seeds 1.Gymnosperms: (Seeds in cones / scales) (“naked seeds”) a. Phylum Cycadophyta (Cycads E.g. Sago Palm) b. Phylum Gnetophyta (E.g. Ephedra, Welwitschia)

Plants with seeds 2. Gymnosperms c. Phylum Ginkgophyta (Ginkgoes) d. Phylum Coniferophyta (Conifers)

Plants with seeds 2. Angiosperms (Flowering plants) Phylum Anthophyta reproductive structure = flower ☼ seeds form from flowers inside fruit

Seeds Three parts: 1.Seed coat 2.Embryo 3.Endosperm (food storage)

Seeds F(x)s = Improve chances of reproductive success Have a seed coat a. Protects embryo b. Prevents dehydration 2. Contains food source for growing embryo (Endosperm)

Flowers 1.All flower parts are modified leaves 1.F(x) –development & exchange of sperm (pollen) and eggs (ova)

Flower Parts

Flower Parts – F(x)s Petals – attract pollinators Sepals – protect bud Anther-makes pollen Filament – supports anther Stigma – traps pollen Style – supports stigma Ovary – contains ova (eggs)