1. KEY CONCEPT Plants can be classified into nine phyla/divisions.

2. Land plants are classified by the presence or absence of vascular tissue and how they reproduce (with or without seeds)
“Vascular”
People: relating to vessels, especially those that carry blood.
Plants: relating to plant tissues that conduct water, sap, and nutrients.

3. Vascular Plants vs. Nonvascular Plants
Transport System
Leaves
True roots
Xylem
Phloem
Stems
Can grow tall
Live in dry areas
No Transport System
No roots (rhizoids)
Grow close to the ground to absorb water and nutrients
Live in moist areas
*Complete Venn Diagram in notes

5. Nonvascular Plants

6. Mosses and their relatives are seedless nonvascular plants.
Liverworts belong to phylum Hepatophyta.
often grow on wet rocks or in greenhouses
can be thallose or leafy

7. Mosses belong to phylum Bryophyta.
most common seedless nonvascular plants
sphagnum moss commonly used by humans as “peat”

8. Hornworts belong to phylum Anthocerophyta.
found in tropical forests and along streams
flat, lobed body with little green “horns”

9. Vascular Plants
Seedless vs. w/Seeds

10. Club mosses and ferns are seedless vascular plants.
Club mosses belong to phylum Lycophyta.
not true mosses
oldest living group of vascular plants

11. Ferns and their relatives belong to phylum Pterophyta.
frond
fiddlehead
whisk ferns and horsetails are close relatives of ferns
ferns have large leaves called fronds

12. Seed plants include cone-bearing plants and flowering plants.
Seed plants have several advantages over their seedless ancestors.
can reproduce without free-standing water, via pollination
seeds nourish and protect plant embryo
seeds allow plants to disperse to new places

13. Gymnosperms do not have seeds enclosed in fruit.
most gymnosperms are cone-bearing.
the cone is reproductive structure of most gymnosperms.
pollen is produced in male cones.
eggs are produced in female cones.
seeds develop on scales of female cones.

14. Cycads are gymnosperms in phylum Cycadophyta.
look like palm trees with large cones
grow in tropical areas

15. Ginkgos are gymnosperms in phylum Ginkgophyta.
only one species alive today, Ginkgo biloba
grown in gardens and used in urban landscaping

16. Conifers are gymnosperms in phylum Coniferophyta.
most common gymnosperms alive today
includes pines, spruce, cedar, fir, and juniper

17. Angiosperms, or flowering plants, belong in phylum Anthophyta.
Angiosperms have seeds enclosed in some type of fruit.
A flower is the reproductive structure of angiosperms.
A fruit is a mature ovary of a flower.

18. Plant Classification Lab
Goal: Identify plants as either vascular or nonvascular based on microscope analysis.
This lab does not need to be a formal write up… only include the Title, Goal, and components listed below:
Draw image and label transport system components
Record slide name and number
Record as either vascular or nonvascular