THE MIDDLE AND SOUTHERN COLONIES Chapter 2, Section 4

Proprietary Colonies  England owed money to individuals who lent it to the monarchy  To repay them, King Charles II gave land to them in the Americas  These colonies were called proprietary colonies  Those who owned the land ruled the colony  New York, New Jersey, Carolina, and Pennsylvania became proprietary colonies

New York Colony  King Charles II gave the land to James, the Duke of York (hence the name New York)  The land was previously controlled by the Dutch, but when the English soldiers arrived they forced the Dutch to surrender  English, Dutch, Scandinavians, Germans, French, Native Americans, and enslaved Africans lived in New York  Religious tolerance was allowed  The fur trade was a major money maker for people in New York

New Jersey Colony  James, the Duke of York, gave land to Sir George Carteret and Sir John Berkley  They named the land New Jersey after Carteret’s home  Berkley ended up selling his portion of the land to English Quakers, which became Pennsylvania and Delaware

Pennsylvania Colony  The Quakers settled Pennsylvania under William Penn  Believed in the equality of all men and women  Did not believe in social classes or war  Refused to pay taxes to support the Church of England  Allowed religious tolerance  Penn recognized Native American’s right to land

William Penn  Aristocratic Englishman  1660 – Attracted to the Quaker faith  Embrace Quakerism after military service  1681 – he received a grant from the king to establish a colony  Named it Pennsylvania – “Penn’s Woodland”  He sent out paid agents and advertised for settlers  Liberal land policy attracted many immigrants

Penn and Native Americans  Bought (didn’t simply take) land from Indians  Quakers went among the Indians unarmed  BUT… non-Quaker Europeans flooded Pennsylvania  Treated native peoples poorly  This undermined the actions of the Quakers

Government of Pennsylvania  Representative assembly elected by landowners  No tax-supported church  Freedom of worship guaranteed to all  Forced to deny the right to vote and hold office to Catholics and Jews by the English government

Pennsylvanian Society  Attracted many different people  Religious misfits from other colonies  Many different ethnic groups  No provision for military defense  No restrictions on immigration  No slavery!!  “Blue Laws” – against stage plays, cards, dice, excessive amusement  A society that gave its citizens economic opportunity, civil liberty, and religious freedom

Delaware Colony  First settled by the Swedes, then the Dutch, and later the English  Penn wanted access to water so he persuaded the Duke of York to give him land near the Delaware River and bay  This land became Delaware  It was a major trade route

Maryland Colony  Lord Baltimore founded the colony as a haven for Catholics and for personal wealth  More Protestants than Catholics ended up settling there and clashes were common  Toleration Act was passed that protected the right of all Christians to practice their religion

The Carolinas  Representative assembly and religious toleration to attract settlers  Southern Carolina: port city of Charleston, prosperous estates, large plantations for rice and indigo, dependent on slave labor  Northern Carolina: small farmers, little to no slave labor  Eventually became to separate colonies, North Carolina and South Carolina

Georgia  Founded in 1733  Last of the 13 colonies  Made to be a “buffer zone” between Spanish Florida and the colonies  Exported silk and wine  James Oglethorpe settled the colony as a place for debtors  English prisons had terrible conditions and honest people were thrown in there because they couldn’t pay their debts  Determined to keep slavery out!  Slavery founded in Georgia by 1750