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Thirteen English Colonies
Chapter 2 Section 3 Thirteen English Colonies
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I. Introduction People came to the American colonies for many reasons
Riches Religion Fresh start Land Had to learn a new land and adapt to it
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II. The New England Colonies
New England was very different than Virginia region (Middle Colonies) Not good farm land Became haven for religious dissenters, not investors Distinct character
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II. The New England Colonies
Massachusetts Colony prospered Religious differences caused difficulties Roger Williams Believed settlers needed to pay Natives for land Preached everyone could worship as they pleased Anne Hutchinson Challenged authority and teachings of Puritan church Both banished from Massachusetts
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II. The New England Colonies
Rhode Island 1635-Roger Williams called before court in Massachusetts Told judge he had no power over him or his congregation Judge ordered him back to England Williams fled south to Narragansett Bay Bought land from natives Established settlement he called Providence
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II. The New England Colonies
Rhode Island 1644-English government gave Williams a charter Brought together several settlements into Rhode Island All people allowed to worship as they pleased First colony to promote religious freedom Religious freedom attracted many people Jews, Quakers
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II. The New England Colonies
Connecticut and New Hampshire Limited amount of good farmland led colonists elsewhere Minister Thomas Hooker led followers west Connecticut River Valley Set up many settlements 1639-Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Plan for union of settlements Basis for documents that would establish rights and responsibilities in the United States
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II. The New England Colonies
Connecticut and New Hampshire 1639-Fundamental Orders of Connecticut All men who owned land could vote, regardless of religion Limited governor’s power Expanded idea of representative government Other colonists moved north in area that is now New Hampshire, Maine, and Vermont New Hampshire became colony in 1679
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III. The Middle Colonies
South of New England colonies Became known as Middle Colonies New York Economic factors led to development of New York 1609-Hudson sailed up River for Dutch Reported it was teeming with beaver Beaver skin hats fashionable in Europe Dutch started colony on island at mouth of Hudson River New Amsterdam Rest of land around river named New Netherland
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III. The Middle Colonies
New York Most people came to trap furs To encourage settlement Dutch gave large grants of land to patroons Had to bring 50 settlers within 4 years English seized the colony in 1664 Renamed it New York New Amsterdam became New York City
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III. The Middle Colonies
New Jersey New Netherland was divided into two parts Duke of York gave the southern part to two friends One of these friends was from the English island of Jersey Became known as New Jersey New Jersey had rich soil Attracted people from all over Many settlers came from New England for better farm land Built system of roads to connect colony
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III. The Middle Colonies
Pennsylvania Quakers had a large following in England Believed in equality, kindness, religious freedom English leaders considered them dangerous Against all wars and killing Would not serve in British Army Put in prison, beaten Quakers looked to North America for safe home
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III. The Middle Colonies
Pennsylvania William Penn pleaded with King Charles II for home for Quakers Charles owed Penn’s father money Paid debt in land in America Named new land Pennsylvania (Penn’s woods) Paid Native Americans already living there Holy Experiment-all people of all religions welcome
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III. The Middle Colonies
Pennsylvania Thousands of immigrants came from all over Europe Eager for farmland Germans, Irish, Scottish, French, Dutch By 1700 Pennsylvania was richest of all colonies
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III. The Middle Colonies
Delaware Swedes settled on the Delaware River Dutch wiped out the colony When English took over New Netherland, land became part of Pennsylvania Began making own laws in 1704 Became colony of Delaware around the time of Revolutionary War
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IV. The Southern Colonies
Southern colonies had distinctive way of life Large farms and slave labor along coastal plain Farming and slavery uncommon in mountainous western region Maryland English noble George Calvert, Lord Baltimore, founded in 1625 Became a Roman Catholic Catholics had no rights in England Wanted a haven for Catholics King granted land along Chesapeake Bay Died before colony established
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IV. The Southern Colonies
Maryland Cecilius inherited father’s land grant Started St. Mary’s settlement in 1634 Became part of Maryland Maryland’s rich land attracted many settlers Many of the settlers were not Catholic In ten years, Catholics less than ¼ of population Colony passed Toleration Act of 1649 Protected all Christians, Catholics, and Protestants First law protecting religious freedom in colonies Less tolerant of non-Christian religions
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IV. The Southern Colonies
Virginia Began with Jamestown settlement Continued to attract settlers At first, existed on subsistence farming Later, profits from tobacco fueled need for slave labor Families started buying things they needed from tobacco profits
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IV. The Southern Colonies
Virginia King James dislikes tobacco and the House of Burgesses Took back charter, made a royal colony Planned to do away with H.O.B., but died Successor permitted H.O.B. Virginia remained loyal colony until Revolution
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IV. The Southern Colonies
The Carolinas Settled by colonists who spread South Some were English colonists from West Indies who brought slaves with them Carolina was first English colony to have slaves from the start 1710-Africans were largest single group in colony Slaves worked on indigo, tobacco and rice plantations Tensions between farmers in northern and southern areas led to split in colony in 1729
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IV. The Southern Colonies
Georgia Last colony to be settled Founder James Oglethorpe studied prisons in England Asked King George II for land for a colony of debtors There were no colonies between Spanish Florida and Carolinas English settlement could claim land
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IV. The Southern Colonies
Georgia 1733-started settlement in Savannah Oglethorpe exercised complete control over settlers Told them what crops to plant Forbade slavery Georgia grew slowly Once restrictions lifted, Georgia began to prosper
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