10.8 Students analyze the causes and consequences of World War II. 1. Compare the German, Italian, and Japanese drives for empire in the 1930s, including the 1937 Rape of Nanking, other atrocities in China, and the Stalin-Hitler Pact of 1939.

What Forces Were Behind the Drive for Empires MILITARISM Hitler rebuilding Germany’s Military and using it to conquer. Japanese militarists controlled the govt. and the emperor. Mussolini’s fascist govt. strove to rebuild the glory of the Roman Empire

What Forces Were Behind the Drive for Empires IMPERIALISM Hitler wanted the Sudetenland, the Rhineland, to rejoin with Austria.(Europe, and Russia.) Italy wanted the Roman Empire. Japan wanted an empire to rival the West/relieve the Depression.

Forces Behind the Drive for Empires NATIONALISM Hitler believed that the Aryan race was superior. Japanese believed that they were superior in Asia. Mussolini told his people they were part of the state, and they had glory like the Roman Empire.

What Forces Were Behind the Drive for Empires ALLIANCES Hitler formed alliances with the Soviet Union and Japan. Japan formed alliances with Germany and Italy. Italy formed alliances with Japan and Germany.

German Imperial Expansion Once Hitler took control of the Reichstag and began the Third Reich, he set his sights on conquering Europe. Nationalism in Europe and Japan fueled extreme racism, fascism, and domination. National pride became almost synonymous with national expansion and conquest of other peoples.

German Imperial Expansion 1935 Hitler took back the Rhineland, a region west of the Rhine River that had been taken away from Germany after WWI Hitler formed an alliance with Japan.

German Imperial Expansion 1938 Hitler annexed Austria. Austria held a vote under threat of German invasion and unanimously agreed to the union.

German Imperial Expansion Hitler moved to reclaim the Sudetenland (the northern half of Czech) from Czechoslovakia. Munich Agreement: France and Britain gave Hitler Sudetenland in exchange for no more expansion. (who signed it?)

German Imperial Expansion 1939 Hitler invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia. German protectorates of Slovakia and Bohemia- Moravia are set up.

German Imperial Expansion 1939 the Nazi-Soviet Pact was signed. (who signed it?) Stalin agreed not to interfere in Germany’s military affairs if Germany agreed not to invade the Soviet Union.

Germany gains half of Poland and Lithuania. Soviets gain the other half of Poland, Finland, and the Baltic states. Germany would break the agreement and invade the Soviet Union, advancing as far as Stalingrad. German Imperial Expansion

Japanese Imperial Expansion Nationalism in Europe and Japan fueled extreme racism, fascism, and domination. National pride became almost synonymous with national expansion and conquest of other peoples.

Japanese Imperial Expansion 1937 Hitler formed an alliance with Japan. By 1905 Japan had defeated Russia and China for territories in and around Korea.

Japanese Imperial Expansion 1915 Japan sends China a list of 21 demands that would give them power over aspects of China’s trade, government, and economy. The Rape of Nanjing saw as many as 200,000 Chinese slaughtered in a matter of weeks.

Japanese Imperial Expansion Called the other holocaust, Nanjing is characterized by mass executions, rapes, prostitution, torture, and more Japan invaded Manchuria in an attempt to build an empire and bring them out of the depression.

Japanese Imperial Expansion 1937 Japan invaded China, pillaging towns and cities as they made their way down the eastern shore.

Japanese Imperial Expansion By 1945 Japan captured and held the following territories: See Next Slide

ManchuriaWake Island KoreaCaroline Islands JeholMarshall Islands BurmaMariana Islands French Indo-ChinaPhilippines ThailandHong Kong Dutch East IndiesMalaya And many more territories in the South Pacific and on the east coast of China.

Japanese Imperial Expansion Japan built its empire under the banner, “Asia for Asians.” Japan created the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere to rid Asia of Western colonial rule, so they said. They really wanted an empire. The fact was that Japan saw Japanese people as superior.

Italian Empire

Italian Imperial Expansion Around the turn of the century the kingdom of Italy had taken Libya and Somalia in Africa Italy invades and captures Ethiopia. They wanted revenge for the Ethiopian BUTT KICKIN’ on Italy in 1896.

Italian Imperial Expansion 1939 Italy invaded Albania Mussolini portrayed himself as the new Julius Caesar, and then the new Augustus.

Italian Imperial Expansion Mussolini's only real success at Empire building was his annexation of Ethiopia in 1936 and Albania in 1939.

Italian Imperial Expansion In WWI, Italian forces were at first humbled by the Greek army. The Italians were only able to annex or occupy European territories with German assistance. Just one year later Italy was invaded by the British and Americans, and Mussolini was overthrown.

Roman Empire

French Empire

British Empire