Kerry Herndon, MSW, LAC Western Montana Addiction Services Project SUCCESS- Sentinel HS

 Opiate  Used for pain relief  Lots of existing health conditions can be complicated by taking these drugs.  Interacts negatively with many other substances  Abuse can cause:  Nausea  Dizziness  Loss of Appetite  Dry Mouth  Mood Swings  Difficulty Breathing  Headache  Withdrawal

 Lortab and Vicodin are a combination of acetaminophen (Tylenol) and hydrocodone.  Hydrocodone  Opiate  Used for pain relief & sometimes cough  Causes: ▪ Respiratory Depression ▪ Depresses Central Nervous System ▪ Has a long list of possible side effects

 Used as a muscle relaxant, to treat anxiety, insomnia, agitation, seizures, muscle spasms, alcohol withdrawal, and premedication for medical procedures.  Examples: Xanax, Valium, Diazepam, Klonopin  Many possible side effects from misuse or combining with other substances.

 Sedative- Hypnotic  Mild sedation to complete anesthesia  Very dangerous in overdose  Many celebrity accidental overdoses  Depresses or stops central nervous system  Any drug that’s name ends in “barbital”

 Synthetic opiate  Prescribed mostly to help with opiate withdrawal symptoms and reduce cravings  Controversial for drug treatment  Many reactions with other drugs.

 Examples: Adderall, Ritalin, Concerta  Physical effects: hyperactivity, blood shot eyes, headache, heart rate increases, blood pressure increases or decreases, heart palpitations, insomnia, tremors, fever, blurred vision, tremors, dry mouth, skin issues/acne, convulsions, seizure, stroke, coma, heart attack or death.  Psychological effects: euphoria, anxiety, alertness, concentration, sociability, irritability, energy, changes in self- esteem or confidence, aggression, obsessive behaviors, paranoia.

 Deliberate inhalation of fumes, vapors, or gases  Over 2.6 million children, aged 12 – 17, use an Inhalant each year  1 in 4 students in America has intentionally huffed by the time they reach the eighth grade.  Inhalants tend to be the drug that is tried first by children.  59% of children are aware of friends huffing at age 12.  Inhalants are the fourth most-abused substance after alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana.

 The number of lives claimed by Inhalant Abuse each year is unknown because these deaths often are attributed to other causes.  Death can occur the first time -Sudden Sniffing Death Syndrome, suffocation, choking, or a fatal injury.  Effects the brain, heart, kidneys and liver, and other organs  Inhalants can be addictive  Progression to illegal drugs or alcohol abuse.

 Comes from the leaves of a coca plant  Used by: Smoking, Snorting, Eating, Injecting  Rapid intense high followed by intense feelings of depression, edginess and craving for more  Difficulty sleeping, increased heart rate, muscle spasms, convulsions, damage to nasal cavity/tissue, loss of appetite, heart attacks, seizures, strokes, respiratory failure and blood shot eyes.  Makes you feel paranoid, angry, hostile, anxious even when you are not high.  Interferes with the brain processes  Feelings of pleasure diminished (need to use more)  Combining with other drugs or alcohol can be deadly.

 Expensive!  Risk of disease from sharing needles – hepatitis, HIV/AIDS, etc.  Increased risk of sexual assault, unplanned pregnancy.  Increased feelings of depression  Gives the illusion of power and energy  Most often leaves users feeling emotionally, physically and sexually unable to function.

 Opiate  Used by: Injecting, snorting, smoking  Usually a white or brown powder  Sometimes a black sticky substance  “black tar heroin”  Converted to morphine in the brain  Withdrawal: restlessness, muscle/bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea, vomiting, cold flashes, kicking movement  Sometimes treated w/ other medication, such as methadone

 Surge of euphoria, dry mouth, flush skin, heavy extremities, clouded head  Slows breathing, sleep patterns affected, blood pressure  Prolonged use: collapsed veins, infection of heart lining and valves, abscesses, liver disease, kidney disease, heart problems, pneumonia, clogged blood vessels, brain damage  Infectious diseases from needle use

 Psychedelic drug  MDMA active substance  Ecstasy usually a pill form  Often mixed with other things  Molly powered or crystalline form (pure)  Euphoria, sense of intimacy with others, decreased anxiety, and is usually followed by fatigue.  Difficulty concentrating, jaw clenching, grinding of teeth, no appetitie, dry mouth, increased anxiety/paranoia, depression, irritability, emotional sensitivity, dizziness, vertigo, hyperactivity, hypertension, heart attack, damage to the heart, hyperthermia, stroke, loss of consciousness, coma or death.  Reduction of serotonin and dopamine  Some studies show positive effects for some health conditions, but so far the risks outweigh the benefits.

 Designer drug (synthetic/man made)  Most use in the USA was discovered between 2010 and 2011, use increased after it was reported in the news  Effects similar to amphetamine and cocaine  White crystals resemble salts made for bathing  States on package “not for human consumption”  Can be swallowed, snorted, smoked or injected  Symptoms include: headache, heart palpitations, nausea, cold fingers, hallucinations, paranoia, panic attacks, violent behavior, heart attack, kidney failure, liver failure and suicide.  Increases pain tolerance  Those using have dilated pupils, involuntary muscle movement, rapid heartbeat and high blood pressure.  Most users have a history of mental health issues

 Cough suppressant  Dissociative hallucinogen  Causes visual distortion, distorted body perception, feelings of dissociation, excitement, loss of sense of time, stimulant like-euphoria  Side effects for recreational users: vomiting, blurred vision, blood shot eyes, dialated pupils, sweating, fever, hypotension, slowed breathing, diarrhea, muscle spasms, passing out and blacking out.  SIZZURP/PURPLE DRANK:  Cough syrup (usually with codeine)  Fruit flavored soda  Jolly Rancher  Mentioned in a lot of music and popular in hip-hop culture  Many deaths associated with using  Drowsiness, hallucinations, vision changes, nausea, confusion, difficulty breathing  RED SOLO CUP! Cough syrup frozen in the cup and then soda inside.

 Amphetamine/Stimulant  Originated in 1919 in Japan --- military use  Taken by just about any means imaginable  Called by many names  Distributed in many colors  Very addictive  Serotonin/Dopamine receptors damaged  Bugs in skin  Significant withdrawal symptoms  Long-term complications form minimal use  Causes: Alertness, euphoria, improved concentration, mania, anxiety, increased self-esteem, aggressiveness, obsessive behaviors, paranoia

 Can induce: anorexia, hyperactivity, dilated pupils, flushed skin, excessive sweating, restlessness, dry mouth, headache, increased or slowed heart beat, irregular heart beat, rapid breathing, high/low blood pressure, fever, diarrhea, constipation, vision changes, dizziness, twitching, insomnia, numbness, tremors, skin issues, convulsions, and heart attack.

 Horse Tranquilizer/Anesthetic  Can cause loss of memory  Used mostly as a club drug/raves  Injected, consumed or smoked  Sometimes used as a date rape drug  Difficult to move or talk  Floating sensation

 Usually taken orally, but can also be injected  Altered thinking, different visual experiences, altered sense of time, spiritual experiences, increased appetite, wakefulness, numbness, weakness, nausea, hypo/hyperthermia, elevated blood sugar, chills, heart rate increases, sweating, increased saliva production, tremors, and metallic taste.  Can cause anxiety, paranoia, and delusions. May result in personality changes, see colors differently, seeing patterns or movement in solid things, los of identity, ability to process emotion, panic attacks, psychosis, and “flashbacks”.

 Angel dust or wet  Used by: ingesting, smoking or inhaling  Powder and liquid forms often sprayed onto a leafy material such as cannabis, mind, oregano, parsley, etc. then smoked.  Causes numbness, staggering, slurred speech, bloodshot eyes, loss of balance, convulsions, changes in body image, paranoia, hallucinations, aggressive behavior, euphoria, suicidal impulses, animated, detached, feelings of strength or power, dilated pupils, amnesia, delusions, and skin dryness.

 Usually eaten  Cause hallucinations, perception disorder, perceptual disturbances (especially when mixed with marijuana).  Audio, visual, tactile changes

 Benzodiazepine  Similar to valium  “Date Rape Drug”  Suppresses CNS  Causes blackouts and unconsciousness  Memory loss

 Stimulant  Found in many drinks & chocolate  Can be taken as a pill  Energy drinks associated with deaths  5 hr energy – In the news!  Ligament formation  Sports injury  Hip and joint issues

 BAD NEWS!  Energy Drink: Stimulant  Increases heart beat  Increase blood pressure  Alcohol: Depressant  Slows your heart beat  Increases blood pressure  Alcohol Poisoning

 A psychoactive mint, used in traditional spiritual practices by the Mazatec people of Mexico  Contains a naturally occurring hallucinogen  Most potent when smoked and is comparable in potency to LSD (powder form)  Can be ingested in a liquid extract form.  Green plant leaves or liquid extract  Causes dramatic and scary states of mind  Can be subtle to a full-psychedelic experience  Can cause intense hallucinatory experience (particularly when smoked)

 Pills or injected  Build muscle  Aggression, Anger, Violence  Changes our hormone balance  Causes problems with our sex hormones and organs

 A lot out there  New stuff all the time  Being mixed with other drugs  Too new to know the long-term effects  Be Smart!

 First reported use in the US was in 2009  First seen in Europe in 2004  Synthetic marijuana was linked to 11,406 drug-related emergency department visits in 2010 Year Number of Poison Control Calls , , As of Dec. 31, ,200  May be harmful heavy metal residues in Spice mixture

 1 in 9 high school seniors nationwide have used spice in the last year (2011)  More popular among boys than girls -In 2012, nearly twice as many male 12th graders reported past-year use of synthetic marijuana as females in the same age group.

 Advertised as natural and safe  Lack of education about the risks  Less likely to get caught (UA’s)  Sometimes it is easier to access  Suppose to feel like marijuana, but the high comes faster and doesn’t last as long  Creates a relaxed feeling  Advertising! The packaging looks fun.

 Has been known to cause death after one use  Extreme anxiety, paranoia and hallucinations  Suicidal thoughts  Vomiting  Agitation and confusion  Seizures  Muscle Spasms/Tremors  Extreme nervousness  Dilated pupils  Headaches/Migraines  Violent tendencies  Slurred speech  Increased heart rate  Elevated blood pressure  Reduced blood supply to the heart (myocardial ischemia)  Associated with heart attacks

 Difficult to regulate – tried to make chemicals in Spice illegal, but it is then made with different chemicals and sold.  Says on packaging “not for human consumption”  Different brands use different chemicals and potencies, so it is hard to know how much and what you are taking.

 3-5 times more potent than THC in marijuana  Addictive? YES!  Withdrawal similar to that of narcotics.  Long-term effects unknown  MIXING is dangerous!  More drugs found laced with synthetics