Open your STAAR Booklet to Page 18 Don’t write in it yet, but brainstorm anything you know about: 1. Plant Transport Systems 2. Plant Response (to stimuli) 3.Plant Reproduction 4.Co-Evolution with insects and mammals.

Transport Response Reproduction Co-Evolution Non-Vascular: Vascular: Xylem: Phloem: Auxins: Tropisms: Photo: Gravi: Thigmo: Asexual/Sexual (some both) Spores: Flowers: Stamen- Pistol- Fruit- ^^ 15 minutes

PLANTS SIMPLE TO COMPLEX Non-VascularVascular

PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Roots: Anchors the plant Collects water and nutrients for plant Cannot carry out photo. ROOTS Stem: Above ground Transports nutrients If green, can photosynthesize STEM Leaves: LEAVES Major Photosynthesis Transpiration Remember Capillary Action and Adhesion

VASCULAR TISSUES The two types of vascular tissue is Xylem and Phloem Xylem: Carries water from the roots to the stems and leaves Phloem: Carries dissolved sugars from the leaves to all other parts of the plant

Section 23.2 Summary – pages Guard cells are tiny cells that surround and control the size of a stoma. LEAVES The loss of water through the stomata is called transpiration.

Section 23.2 Summary – pages Transpiration When water enters the guard cells, the pressure causes them to bow out, opening the stoma. Stoma Guard cell Water LEAVES

VASCULAR, SEED PLANTS There are two groups of vascular seed plants: Neither of these require water for reproduction GYMNOSPERMS “CONIFERS” ANGIOSPERMS “FLOWERING” Produce seeds that are not protected by an ovary Do NOT produce flowers or fruit Produce Cones Produce protected seeds ALL produce flowers and fruit Fruit is a ripened ovary with seeds in it

ANGIOSPERM : The Male Reproductive Parts The male reproductive part of the flower includes the filament (tube) and anther (holds the pollen) Filament The entire male part is called the stamen. Anther Stamen

Section 24.2 Summary – pages Pistil ANGIOSPERM : The Female Reproductive Parts The pistil is the female organ of the flower. The bottom portion of the pistil is the ovary, a structure that contains ovules (eggs). Ovary Style Stigma

FERTILIZATION Pollen grain Stigma Style Ovary Egg cells As the seeds develop, the surrounding ovary enlarges and becomes the fruit.

Section 23.3 Summary – pages Tropism is a plant’s growth response to a directional external stimulus. The tropism is called negative if the plant grows away from the stimulus. The tropism is called positive if the plant grows toward the stimulus. PLANT RESPONSES WE WILL LOOK AT THREE TYPES OF TROPISM

Section 23.3 Summary – pages The growth of a plant toward light is called phototropism. TROPISM

Section 23.3 Summary – pages Gravitropism is plant growth in response to gravity. Roots that grow down into the soil are able to anchor the plant and can take in water and dissolved minerals. TROPISM Stems usually exhibit a negative gravitropism. How do growing seeds exhibit both phototropism and gravitropism?

Section 23.3 Summary – pages Some plants exhibit another tropism called thigmotropism, which is a growth response to touch. Because tropisms involve growth, they are not reversible. The position of a stem that has grown several inches in a particular direction cannot be changed. TROPISM Ivy is a good example of a plant that exhibits all three types of tropism.

© Hedgehog Learning What systems of the tomato plant are involved in the description below? Water and nutrients are absorbed and transported from the soil to the fruit.

© Hedgehog Learning Water and nutrients are absorbed and transported from the soil to the fruit. Root system uptakes water. Xylem vessels transport water and nutrients upward through the shoot system to the fruit. Root System Shoot System Xylem Vessels

© Hedgehog Learning What systems of the tomato plant are involved in the description below? Sugars are produced in the leaves and transported to the roots.

© Hedgehog Learning Sugars are produced in the leaves and transported to the roots. Phloem vessels transport sugars from the leaves throughout the plant. Root System Shoot System Phloem Vessels Leaves

© Hedgehog Learning What systems of the tomato plant are involved in the description below? Hormones are produced triggering seed production and growth.

© Hedgehog Learning Hormones are produced triggering seed production and growth. The root system produces hormones. Xylem vessels move the hormones upward through the shoot system producing a flower. Root System Shoot System Xylem Vessels Pistil (female) Stamen (male)