The Protists

Kingdom Protista

Kingdom with the most diverse members. Heterotrophs, Autotrophs OR both Unicellular… Various types of cell walls

PROTIST FACTS Eukaryotic (have a nucleus) Vary in structure Three types of Protist: * Animal-like * Plant-like * Fungus-like

So how do we classify them???? Animal-like  Heterotrophs Plant-like  Autotrophs Fungus-like  Decomposers

Animal-like Protists Cilia - short, hair- like projections used for movement Ex: Paramecium Move with cilia

Have flagella - whip-like structures that aid movement Animal-like Protists Move by flagella Ex: Trypanosoma brucei - African sleeping sickness caused by bite of tsetse fly Trichonympha - lives in gut of a termite and helps digest wood (symbiosis)

Animal-like Protists Move with pseudopods Amoebas Pseudopods – temporary projections of cytoplasm (false feet) Ex: Amoebic Dysentery “ Montezuma’s revenge ”

Animal-Like Protists P arasitic protists Nonmotile - do not move Ex: Plasmodium sp. - causes malaria, carried by Anopheles mosquito Plasmodium falciparum

Plant-like Protists Unicellular Autotrophic Produce most of the world’s oxygen Use chlorophyll and accessory pigments to collect light Algae - some unicellular some multicellular

Unicellular Algae Eye spots -detect light Ex: Euglena - both autotrophic & heterotrophic

PLANT-LIKE PROTISTS (Unicellular Algae) Dinoflagellates : have 2 flagella Example: Red Tide Gonyaulax - produces toxins that paralyze and kill marine life (red tide) Bands of the dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans

Glass-like cell walls made of silica Forms diatomaceous earth when they die and sink to ocean floor, it is used to filter, as an abrasive and in toothpaste

Multicellular Algae Green algae Ex: Volvox Red algae Used to make agar Brown algae Ex: Kelp Ex: common pond scum

Fungus-like Protists Slime Molds Decomposers Ex: mildews, white rusts, water molds & Saprolegnia (ick on fish)

KINGDOM FUNGI Chapter 21

General Characteristics. Cell wall made of chitin multicellular(except yeast) eukaryotic heterotrophic/saprophytic parasitic/predators

ANIMAL-LIKE TRAITS 1. chitin (insect exoskeleton) 2. Heterotrophic (no chlorophyll) 3. Stores carbos as glycogen (not starch)

PLANT-LIKE TRAITS 1. Cell walls 2. Spore production (dormant repro. cell)

STRUCTURE Hyphae= individual filaments of a fungus Mycelium= interwoven mass of hyphae Fruiting body = above ground part of mycelium that contains reproductive spores Rhizoids= underground portion of the mycelium; anchors and nutrient absorption by releasing enzymes

DIAGRAM

EVOLUTION From red algae (protist ancestor) adaptive advantage = they can reproduce both sexually and asexually

CLASSIFICATION Grouped by their reproductive fruiting bodies 4 groups

1. COMMON MOLDS Figure EX = bread mold Reproduce with a zygospore (two nuclei fuse)

2. SAC FUNGI EX = yeast, mildew, lichens reproduction by asci = saclike structure produced in sexual reproduction

3. CLUB FUNGI Ex = Mushrooms tend to reproduce sexually with basidia = tiny spore producing area of fruiting body

Fairy ring

4. IMPERFECT FUNGI No asexual reproduction reproduces with structures called conidia many diseases = ring worm, athlete’s foot Penicillium (forms antibiotic)

Disease Plant diseases 1. rust and smuts 2. Dutch Elm disease Animal diseases 1. Athlete’s foot fungus 2. Ringworm 3. thrush

The End!!!!