1. Notes 9-3
Protists
What is meant by the word transport? Moving substances across the cell membrane

2. Kingdom Protista

3. Defining a Protist
Protists are eukaryotic organisms that cannot be classified as animals, plants, or fungi
Eukaryotic = has a nucleus
Usually microscopic, usually unicellular
What is the cell membrane made of?
Lipids make it polar--> oxygen and co2 can readily pass through
Small molecules can pass through protein pores

4. Defining a Protist Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic
Move by cilia, flagella, or psuedopodia
What is the cell membrane made of?
Lipids make it polar--> oxygen and co2 can readily pass through
Small molecules can pass through protein pores

5. Reproduction Asexually- Fission (binary, multi) Sexually- Conjugation
What is the cell membrane made of?
Lipids make it polar--> oxygen and co2 can readily pass through
Small molecules can pass through protein pores

6. Animal-Like Protists
Most are heterotrophic, moving around to capture prey
Called protozoans
Classified by how they move/live: pseudopods, cilia, flagella, parasites
What is the cell membrane made of?
Lipids make it polar--> oxygen and co2 can readily pass through
Small molecules can pass through protein pores

7. Movement by Pseudopods
“False feet”
Uses cytoplasm to flow towards on end of cell to make it move to trap food
Have contractile vacuoles to control water input/ output
Example- Ameoba

8. Ameoba

9. Movement by cilia
Hairlike projections on protists that move with a wavelike motion to eat food
Example- Paramecium

10. Paramecium

11. Movement by flagella Long, whiplike tail for movement to feed
Protist lives in intestine of termite to digest wood = symbiotic relationship (mutualism because they both benefit)
Giardia are protists found in streams that are harmful to humans (parasites)

12. Parasitic protozoans
Have different types of movement: hosts, flagella, slime, etc.
Plasmodium is a protist that causes malaria: mosquito bites an infected person and becomes infected with the plasmodium, then it takes it to the next human and infects a different human

13. Plant-Like Protists Most are autotrophic algae
Some unicellular, some multicellular, some live in colonies
Diatoms, Dinoflagellates, euglenoids, algae
What is the cell membrane made of?
Lipids make it polar--> oxygen and co2 can readily pass through
Small molecules can pass through protein pores

14. Plantlike Protists
The euglena is a common euglenoid that lives in fresh water. In sunlight, many euglenas can make their own food. Without sunlight, they obtain food from their environment.

15. Plantlike Protists
Giant kelps are brown algae that have many plantlike structures.

16. Algal Blooms
High temps and increase in nutrients (nitrates and phosphates) lead to increased algae populations
Harmful to fish and humans (red tide)

17. Plant-Like Protists What is the cell membrane made of?
Lipids make it polar--> oxygen and co2 can readily pass through
Small molecules can pass through protein pores

18. Fungus-Like Protists
Heterotrophic, have cell walls, use spores to reproduce
Slime molds and Water molds and Downy Mildews
What is the cell membrane made of?
Lipids make it polar--> oxygen and co2 can readily pass through
Small molecules can pass through protein pores

19. Slime molds
Ooze along decaying materials eating bacteria and other microorganisms
Small at first and use pseudopods to move, then join together to forma jellylike mass

20. Water molds and downy mildews
Live in water or moist places
Often look like tiny threads/ fuzz
Cause of the potato famine in Ireland in 1845

21. Protists and the Environment
Produce large amounts of OXYGEN
Critical to marine FOOD WEBS
Carbon Cycle
Decomposition
Symbiosis (corals, lichens, digestion)

22. Protists and the Industry
Food Source (kelps and sea weeds)
By products used in cosmetics, drugs, and gelatins
Agar - polysaccharide from cell walls of red algae
Diatom shells used as abrasive

23. Protists and the Human Health
Malaria > caused by Plasmodium (apicomplexan)
Sleeping Sickness > caused by protozoa > spread by tsetse fly
Trichomoniasis > caused by Trichomonas vaginalis (mastigophoran) > one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases
Discolored discharge, genital itching, the urge to urinate