1. Kingdom Protista

2. What is a Protist?  unicellular or multicellular  anything except plants, animals, or fungi  65,000 species  Autotrophs, heterotrophs, or both

3. What is a Protist?  classified according to the way they move  Found in freshwater, marine, and moist habitats  many are free living but some are parasitic

4. Protist Reproduction 1. Most reproduce asexually by binary fission 2. Some species reproduce sexually by conjugation

5. Protist Classification 3 categories 1. animal-like 2. Fungus-like 3. Plant-like

6. Protist Classification  4 phyla based on movement 1. Sarcodina 2. Ciliophora 3. Zoomastigina 4. Sporozoa

7. Phylum Sarcodina  Move and obtain food via pseudopods (false feet)

8. Phylum Sarcodina  called sarcodines  Found in freshwater, marine, & moist soil habitats  reproduce by binary fission  No definite shape  EX.  Amoeba  amoebic dysentery – spread through contaminated water

9. Phylum Sarcodina Amoeba Video

10. Phylum Sarcodina Paramecium Video

11. Amoeba pseudopodia engulfing a paramecium

13. Phylum Ciliphora  Largest group; called ciliates  Move by cilia Cilia  short hairlike projections used to move, get food, and senses  Mostly freshwater; some marine

14. Phylum Ciliphora  Reproduce sexually or asexually  Paramecium is best example

15. Phylum Zoomastigina  Called zooflagellates  Move by flagella Flagella  long whiplike structures to move  Freshwater or marine  Usually live inside other organisms – contaminated water

16. Phylum Zoomastigina  Some are parasites – trypanosome, causes African sleeping sickness  Spread by the bite of the tsetse fly

18. Phylum Zoomastigina  some are mutalistic Mutalistic—> symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit  Trichonympha lives inside termites & digests cellulose

19. Phylum Sporozoa  Called sporozoans - parasites  Form spores spore  reproductive structure adapted for dispersion  Don’t move; carried from one host to another  Live in the body fluids of hosts

20. Phylum Sporozoa  Malaria – caused by the plasmodium sporozoan  Carries by the female anopheles mosquito  #1 killer worldwide  Every 30 seconds, child dies of malaria

24. Plant like Protists  algae  autotrophs  Mostly unicellular  Unicellular to very large  Produce most of the oxygen on earth - photosynthesis

25. Plant like Protists Used to make a variety of products As a thickening agent in puddings, ice cream Used as food for animals (processed)

26. Diatoms  Important food source in oceans  Shells are made of silica – used to make glass  Form diatomaceous earth  diatomaceous earth  abrasive and used in detergents, toothpaste, insecticides, etc.

28. A Diatom devours a Paramecium

29. Dinoflagellates  90% marine  Bioluminescence – produce light  Poisonous  red tides which can be harmful to shellfish

30. Red Tides

31. Euglena  Freshwater  Animal and plant like – contains chloroplasts

32. Fungus like Protists  Heterotrophs and have cell walls  Reproduce by spores  decomposers  Not a fungus because they can move at some point  EX.  mildew and water molds

33. Water mold on dead larvae?

34. IMPORTANCE OF PROTISTS ECOLOGICAL ROLES Provide an essential food base in aquatic food chains Carry out more than 30-40% of Earth’s photosynthesis Protozoans help keep the number of bacteria in check

35. Kingdom Fungi

36. What is a Fungus?   multicellular heterotrophs  live on dead organisms - saprophyte  decompose and recycle nutrients  Reproduce by spores

37. What is a Fungus?  Grow in warm, moist environments  yeast, mushrooms, and molds

38. Fungus Parts 1. Hyphae  thin cells of a fungus  Grow into food and secrete digestive chemicals into it 2. Mycelium  many hyphae tangled together – the body

39. Fungus Parts 3. Fruiting body  part that you see growing from the soil  Reproductive structure - contains the spores

40. Fungus Parts

42. How are Fungi spread?  Spores can be dispersed mostly by wind, but also by rain drops, animals, insects, water

43. Sporangia mold

44. Eyelash Fungus

45. Bread Mold

46. Puffball mushroom releasing spores

47. Fungal Diseases  Many are harmless and easy to treat  fusarium  serious fungal infection of the cornea

48. Fungal Diseases  Ringworm  affects the skin; usually the scalp  Athelete’s foot  tinea infection between the toes

49. Athlete’s Foot

50. Ringworm

51. Ringworm