1. Kingdom Protista
Protists

2. Kingdom Protista
The kingdom Protista includes eukaryotic organisms that don’t belong in one of the other eukaryotic kingdoms (Plantae, Animalia, or Fungi)
These organisms share traits with these other groups; just not enough to be classified with them

3. Kingdom Protista
Protists can be single- celled or multicellular organisms.
All protists are eukaryotes.
Groups of Protists:
Protozoa (Animal-like)
Algae (Plant-like)
Fungus-like forms

4. Examples of Protists Includes: Amoebas Ciliates Flagellates Algae
Amoeba, Naegleria fowleri
Flagellate, Giardia lamblia
Ciliate, Strombidium

5. Protozoans Protozoans: animal-like protists
These protists share characteristics with animals such as:
Feed on other organisms
Cells lack cell walls
Examples:
A) Zooflagellates
Move around using flagella
B) Sarcodines
Move using pseudopods (“false feet”)
Amoebas
C) Ciliates
Move using cilia: short hair-like projections
D) Sporozoans
Do not move on their own
Are parasitic
Ciliate

6. Algae Algae: plant-like protists
These organisms share characteristics with plants such as:
Photosynthetic
Cells contain cell walls
Examples:
A) Phytoplankton
algae that live near the surface of the ocean.
B) Red, brown or green algae
C) Diatoms
have silicon in their cell walls)
Diatoms

7. Algae
Besides oxygen production, algae are used by humans for many other purposes:
A) Food
seaweed & kelp are edible (Sushi anyone?)
B) Production of agar
Gelatin-like substance that has many uses
C) Used to make toothpaste “pasty”
D) Others?

8. Fungus-like Protists Like fungi, these are usually decomposers.
Absorb nutrient from dead or decaying matter
Fungus-like protists do not have chitin in their cell walls like true fungi do.
Slime molds
Water molds
Slime Mold

9. Kingdom Fungi
Fungi

10. Kingdom Fungi
Eukaryotic organisms that primarily feed on dead or decaying matter.
Grow on their food source
Secrete enzymes that digest their food outside their bodies
Absorb nutrients through their cell walls
Can be multicellular (mushrooms, molds) or unicellular (yeasts)

11. Role of Fungi in Ecosystem
Fungi are called “The Great Decomposers”
Breakdown organic material and recycle it in nature
Fungi also form mutualistic relationships with other organisms
Ex: mycorrhizae
Mutualistic relationship between algae and
a fungus
Algae makes food & fungus provides minerals

12. Characteristics of Fungi
Fungal Structures
Have cell walls, made up of chitin, a carbohydrate that also makes up the exoskeleton of insects.
Hyphae: thin filaments that make up most fungi.
Mycelium: many hyphae tangled together that help the fungus absorb food.
Typically grow under the surface
Fruiting Body: the reproductive structure
of the fungus (Example: mushrooms)

13. Characteristics of Fungi
Fruiting Body
Fruiting Body
Spores

14. Types of Fungi Mushrooms Molds Yeast
Multicellular, most complex of fungi
Molds
Multicellular
Not usually visible until fruiting bodies appear
Yeast
Unicellular, simplest form of fungi

15. Fungal Reproduction Reproduce both asexually and sexually.
Asexual Reproduction:
Hyphae break off and begin to grow on their own.
OR, fungus produces spores that are released and can grow on their own.
Mold spores

16. Fungal Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction: Requires fungi of two different mating types, called either + (plus) or – (minus)
When a + hyphae and a – hyphae meet, they fuse together.
The fused hyphae grow and form a diploid zygote, which then will go through meiosis.
Meiosis produces haploid spores, which are able to grow on their own.

17. Uses of Fungi Humans use fungi for a variety of purposes: A) Food
Edible mushrooms, yeast (make bread)
B) Food production
Certain fungi can be used to flavor foods (ex: the “bleu” in bleu cheese
C) Biotechnology
D) Medicines
antibiotics

18. Parasitic Fungi and Fungal Disease
Most fungi that cause disease in humans are opportunistic pathogens, meaning they only infect people with weakened immune systems.
Ex: athlete’s foot, ringworm, jock itch, etc.
Most parasitic fungi infect insects and plants, many times killing their host.