Animals 6.3.1

Bellwork If you could be a different type of animal for a day, what would it be? Why?

Bellwork Choose one of the following types of animals and write on how your life would be if you were in that animal group. ReptilesSponges MammalsWorm AmphibiansMollusk Fish Arthropod BirdsEchinoderm (starfish)

Standard 6-3 Demonstrate an understanding of structures, processes, and responses in animals that allow them to survive and reproduce.

Objective & EQ Students will compare the characteristic structures of invertebrate animals and vertebrate animals. (6.3.1 UC) How are vertebrates and invertebrates alike and different? If you could choose, which one would you be?

Quick Write Fold a blank piece of paper in half. Hot dog style!! You have two (2) minutes to write down all the animals you can think of…shhhhh! Don’t share with your neighbors just yet! Now: Turn to your partners- compare lists and add any animals you did not previously think of. Class List:Characteristics:

Invertebrates vs. Vertebrates

Kingdom Animalia 35 different phyla All phyla fit into 2 groups: vertebrates or invertebrates External and internal physical characteristics determine grouping

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Characteristics of All Animals Multi-cellular Heterotrophs (do not make their own food) Get energy by eating plants and other animals Major functions: obtain food and oxygen for energy, keep internal conditions in balance, move, and reproduce

Characteristics of Vertebrates Backbones Internal skeleton (endoskeleton) Muscles Blood circulates through blood vessels Lungs (or gills) for breathing Protective skin covering

Vertebrates cont’ Legs, wings, or fins for movement Nervous system with a brain to process information from their environment Either warm-blooded or cold-blooded Cold-blooded (ectothermic): body temperature is close to the temperature of surrounding environment Warm-blooded (endothermic): body temperature stays the same no matter temperature of surrounding environment

Characteristics of Invertebrates No backbones No internal skeleton Some have external skeletons (exoskeletons)

Endothermic (Warm-blooded) Maintains almost constant body temperature Does not change temperature with environment Cools off by sweating, panting, or moving locations Need to eat more often to get the energy needed for maintaining constant body temperature Ex: Birds and mammals Lion must eat its weight in food every seven to ten days

Ectothermic (Cold-blooded) Internal body temperature changes with the environment Must have heat to function (i.e. digest food) Become slow moving (sluggish) when cold Bask in the sun to gain energy Hide in order to cool off Do not eat as often because they do not use food energy to keep warm Ex: fish, reptiles, amphibians

Fish (vertebrate) Cold-blooded (ectothermic) Obtain dissolved oxygen in water through gills Lay eggs Have scales and fins Live in water

Amphibians (vertebrate) Cold-blooded (ectothermic) Young breathe in water with gills Adults breathe on land with lungs –Go through metamorphosis Lay jelly-like eggs Major groups: frogs, toads, salamanders Frogs and salamanders –smooth, moist skin –breathe through their skin –live part of their life on land and part in water Toads –thick, bumpy skin –live on land

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Reptiles (vertebrates) Cold-blooded (ectothermic) Breathe with lungs Lay eggs (some hatch inside female) Scales or plates

Birds (vertebrates) Warm-blooded (endothermic) Breathe with lungs Lay eggs Have feathers, a beak, two wings, and two feet

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Mammals (vertebrates) Warm-blooded (endothermic) Breathe with lungs Live births Fur or hair Produce milk to feed young

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Sponges (Invertebrates) Simple animals Many pores (holes) for water to move through Water moves into central cavity and out through hole in top of animal Obtain food and eliminate wastes through this movement of water Specialized cells for obtaining food and oxygen from water

Segmented Worms (invertebrates) Long, tube-like bodies Bodies divided into segments Simplest organism with a true nervous system and blood vessels Long digestive tube runs down entire length of body (inside) Take in dissolved oxygen from water through skin Examples: earthworms and leeches

Echinoderms (Invertebrates) Arms extend from middle of body outward Tube feet Feet take in oxygen from water Spines Examples: sea stars, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, and sea urchins

Mollusks (Invertebrates) Soft bodies Thick muscular foot Foot has two purposes: movement and to open or close their shell More developed body systems than sponges and worms Take in oxygen through gills or lungs Some have shells Examples: slugs, snails, clams, octopi

Arthropods (Invertebrates) Jointed legs Segmented bodies Some have wings Hard outer coverings (exoskeletons) Obtain oxygen from air through gills or air tubes Examples: insects, arachnids, crustaceans