3. Objectives Know the main characteristics of animals Know the difference between invertebrate and vertebrates Know examples and characteristics of the 8 invertebrate phylum Know the main characteristics of the 5 vertebrate classes Know the difference between endotherm and ectotherm Know what fertilization and development are Know complete and incomplete metamorphosis

4. Main CharacteristicsMain Characteristics – multi-cellular – eukaryotic (nucleus) – no cell wall – move on their own – consumers

5. Invertebrates Invertebrates are animals without a backbone. 8 There are 8 invertebrate phyla. Sea anemone hydra sponge leech

6. 8 Phyla Sponges Cnidarians (Coelenterates) Flatworms Round worms Segmented worms Mollusks Arthropods Echinoderms

7. Sponges Many pores Move slowly No gut, no nerves Reproduce asexually by budding Regenerate (replace body parts) Eating: - Water enters pores - collar cells filter food - water is removed by osculum (hole) osculum

8. Cnidarians Tentacles with stinging cells (nematocysts) 2 cell layers thick Gut for digesting food Nerve net hydra Hydra reproduce asexually by budding Coral (live in colonies) Sea anemone jellyfish

9. Flatworm Very thin, flat body Eyespots 3 cell layers thick Sensory lobes to detect food Some are parasites Nerves fluke tapeworm Planaria can regenerate Draw the head of the planaria. Label the following parts: eyespots sensory lobes

10. heartwormRoundworm Round, smooth body 2 body openings Primative brain Parallel nerve cords Parasites pinworm hookworm Ascaris Trichinella- found in uncooked pork

11. Most have a soft body with a hard shell Have a mantle: tissue that produces shell. Have a foot: used to move slug: no shell snail: one shell clam: two shells (bivalve) mussel squidoctopus cephalopods: head-footed

12. Annelids (Segmented worms) Body has segments Have a coelom (body cavity for organs) 2 body openings Circulatory system, brain and nerve cord leech earthworm clitellum (helps with reproduction)

13. Jointed limbs Body in segments (head, thorax & abdomen) Exoskeleton (external skeleton for protection) Compound eye shrimp millipede bee crab grasshopper tick Crustacean Insect Centipede & Millipede Arachnids Crustacean Insect

14. butterfly (Insect) lobster (Crustacean) ladybug (Insect) spider (Arachnids) centipede (Centipedes & Millipedes)

15. Spiny-skinned Endoskeleton (internal skeleton) Tube feet Simple nervous system Simple eye that senses light brittle star sea urchin sea cucumber starfish sand dollar Tube feet

16. Vertebrates are animals with a backbone. There are five classes of animals in the Chordate Phylum.

17. Endotherms –Warm-blooded –Body temperature remains constant regardless of their surroundings Birds Mammals Ectotherms –Cold-blooded –Body temperature can change slightly with the surroundings Bony Fish Amphibians Reptiles

18. Fertilization The union (joining) of egg and sperm. Can be: Internal – inside the body External – outside the body Development The growth of a new organism before birth. Internal – inside the body External – outside the body http://www2.hu-berlin.de/sexology/ECC2/html/fertilization.html

19. Main Characteristics: Ectotherms Use gills to breathe Live in water Covered with scales Sexual Reproduction: -Lay soft eggs in water -External fertilization -External development salmon catfish trout

20. Main Characteristics: Ectotherms Breathe with gills then lungs Live in water then land Breathe through moist skin Sexual Reproduction: -Lay soft eggs in water -External fertilization -External development frog newt salamander toad

21. Main Characteristics: Ectotherms Breathe with lungs Live in water or land Covered with dry scaly skin or shell Shed skin to grow Sexual Reproduction: -Lay hard shell eggs on land -Internal fertilization -External development snake turtle lizard crocodile lizard

22. Main Characteristics: Endotherms Use lungs to breathe Live in water, land, or air Covered with feathers Have wings Sexual Reproduction: -Lay hard shell eggs on land -Internal fertilization -External development condor

23. Main Characteristics: Endotherms Breathe with lungs Live in water or on land Covered with hair or fur Sexual Reproduction: -Born alive -Internal fertilization -Internal development

24. Incomplete Metamorphosis 3 stages: - egg - nymph - adult Nymph looks like the adult. Complete Metamorphosis 4 stages: - egg - larva - pupa - adult Larva looks different than the adult. The process of an animal changing forms from an embryo (egg) or larva to an adult.

25. Incomplete Metamorphosis 3 stages: - egg - nymph - adult Nymph looks like the adult. Complete Metamorphosis 4 stages: - egg - larva - pupa - adult Larva looks different than the adult. The process of an animal changing forms from an embryo (egg) or larva to an adult.

26. Click here to return to notes Complete Adult Eggs Pupa Larva

27. Click here to return to notes Young frog Adult frog Tadpole frog Tadpole Egg Egg mass Complete Metamorphosis Tadpoles: Live in water Use gills Have a tail Adult frogs: Live on land Use lungs Have legs

28. Incomplete Eggs Adult Nymph Click here to return to notes

29. Incomplete Metamorphosis 3 stages: - egg - nymph - adult Nymph looks like the adult. Complete Metamorphosis 4 stages: - egg - larva - pupa - adult Larva looks different than the adult. The process of an animal changing forms from an embryo (egg) or larva to an adult.