Origins of Judaism

Setting the Stage The Phoenicians lived in region at the end of the Mediterranean Sea that was later called Palestine. They were not the only ancient people to live in Palestine. The ancient Hebrews lived in Canaan which was in this region as well. The Phoenicians lived in region at the end of the Mediterranean Sea that was later called Palestine. They were not the only ancient people to live in Palestine. The ancient Hebrews lived in Canaan which was in this region as well.

Holy Land Phoenicians: Live in modern Lebanon on eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea Phoenicians: Live in modern Lebanon on eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea Canaan: Ancient home of the Hebrews (later called the Jews) Canaan: Ancient home of the Hebrews (later called the Jews) South of Phoenicia South of Phoenicia Entire region called Palestine Entire region called Palestine

Ancient Palestine It’s location made it a cultural crossroads of the ancient world. It’s location made it a cultural crossroads of the ancient world. Opened to the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea Opened to the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea Canaan Canaan Land promised by God to the Hebrew people Land promised by God to the Hebrew people Lay between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea Lay between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea “Land of Milk and Honey” “Land of Milk and Honey”

History of Judaism Found in the Torah Found in the Torah First five books of the Hebrew Bible First five books of the Hebrew Bible 1 st monotheistic religion (one God) 1 st monotheistic religion (one God) Yahweh is one and only god Yahweh is one and only god

The Story of Abraham God chose Abraham to be “father” of Jewish people God chose Abraham to be “father” of Jewish people 2000 B.C. Abraham moves family and herds from Ur to Canaan-”the promised land” 2000 B.C. Abraham moves family and herds from Ur to Canaan-”the promised land”

The covenant between God and Abraham Abraham promises to obey God Abraham promises to obey God Yahweh promises to protect Abraham Yahweh promises to protect Abraham Covenant: promise between God and the Hebrew people Covenant: promise between God and the Hebrew people

Abraham—Isaac—Jacob—Joseph Abraham—Isaac—Jacob—Joseph Joseph sold into slavery in Egypt and Joseph sold into slavery in Egypt and Became a leader to the pharaoh in Egypt Became a leader to the pharaoh in Egypt Hebrews went to Egypt because of a drought and famine. At first they were honored …..later forced into slavery. Hebrews went to Egypt because of a drought and famine. At first they were honored …..later forced into slavery.

Moses and the Exodus Moses leads the Hebrews out of slavery Moses leads the Hebrews out of slavery

Moses Considered one of the greatest figures in Jewish history Considered one of the greatest figures in Jewish history At birth, left on banks of Nile by mother At birth, left on banks of Nile by mother Found and raised by Egyptian princess Found and raised by Egyptian princess God commands him to lead Jews out of Egypt (burning bush) God commands him to lead Jews out of Egypt (burning bush) Parts the Red Sea Parts the Red Sea

Moses and the At birth, left on banks of Nile by mother At birth, left on banks of Nile by mother

God commands him to lead Jews out of Egypt at the burning bush God commands him to lead Jews out of Egypt at the burning bush Goes to the pharaoh to “Let my people go” Goes to the pharaoh to “Let my people go” God sends the plagues God sends the plagues

“Let my people go” B.C. Moses leads the Hebrews out of Egypt B.C. Moses leads the Hebrews out of Egypt Event called the “Exodus” ; after plagues Event called the “Exodus” ; after plagues Remembered during the festival of Passover Remembered during the festival of Passover Lamb’s blood over the Hebrews door to Pass over the first-born Lamb’s blood over the Hebrews door to Pass over the first-born

Moses leads them out of Egypt

A New Covenant On Mount Sinai, as he prays he received the Ten Commandments On Mount Sinai, as he prays he received the Ten Commandments Basis for Hebrew civil and religious laws Basis for Hebrew civil and religious laws New covenant with god New covenant with god

The Land and the People The Hebrews wandered Sinai Desert for 40 years The Hebrews wandered Sinai Desert for 40 years Return to Canaan as 12 loosely organized tribes (Largest tribe was Judah) Return to Canaan as 12 loosely organized tribes (Largest tribe was Judah) They were self-governed They were self-governed Judges provide leadership (One was a woman-Deborah) Judges provide leadership (One was a woman-Deborah)

Hebrew Law: 10 Commandments Men and women have separate roles; responsibilities Men and women have separate roles; responsibilities Laws provided strict justice softened by mercy Laws provided strict justice softened by mercy Prophets interpret laws & teach people to live moral lives (Daniel, Joel, Hosea, Amos, Isaiah) Prophets interpret laws & teach people to live moral lives (Daniel, Joel, Hosea, Amos, Isaiah) Ethical monotheism Ethical monotheism

The Kingdom of Israel Hebrews expand north and south Hebrews expand north and south Threatened by the Philistines to north Threatened by the Philistines to north The largest tribe was Judah. The largest tribe was Judah. Hebrews came to be called Jews and religion called Judaism Hebrews came to be called Jews and religion called Judaism

The “new” kingdom of Israel B/n 1020 to 922 B.C., the Hebrews unite under three able kings and call the kingdom Israel. The kings are the following: B/n 1020 to 922 B.C., the Hebrews unite under three able kings and call the kingdom Israel. The kings are the following: Saul Saul David David Solomon Solomon

Saul Chosen b/c he drove out the Philistines Chosen b/c he drove out the Philistines

David Popular leader Popular leader Defeats Goliath Defeats Goliath Establishes Jerusalem as the capital Establishes Jerusalem as the capital Saul’s son in law Saul’s son in law United tribes United tribes Wrote many of the Psalms Wrote many of the Psalms

David’s Kingdom At time of his death: At time of his death:

Solomon Built trading empire Built trading empire Built temple and royal palace in Jerusalem Built temple and royal palace in Jerusalem Bible story of Solomon’s wisdom Bible story of Solomon’s wisdom Son of David Son of David Raised taxes Raised taxes Judgment of Solomon by Rafael

Solomon’s Wisdom in art

Judgment of Solomon by Valentin de Boulogne

Solomon’s Temple Built to glorify God and to be the permanent home for the ARK of the Covenant containing the 10 Commandments Built to glorify God and to be the permanent home for the ARK of the Covenant containing the 10 Commandments Bronze pillars at entrance Bronze pillars at entrance Stone on outside Stone on outside Inner walls made of cedar covered in gold Inner walls made of cedar covered in gold Main hall decorated w/ brass & gold Main hall decorated w/ brass & gold

Kingdom Divides Solomon’s building projects required high taxes and forced labor lead Jews in north to revolt Solomon’s building projects required high taxes and forced labor lead Jews in north to revolt By 922 B.C. kingdom divides in two By 922 B.C. kingdom divides in two Israel to north Israel to north Judah to south Judah to south

The Babylonian Captivity In 738 B.C. Israel and Judah pay tribute to Assyrians In 738 B.C. Israel and Judah pay tribute to Assyrians By 722 B.C. Assyrians take over Israel (N) By 722 B.C. Assyrians take over Israel (N) 586 B. C. Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar take over Judah (S); he destroys Solomon’s temple 586 B. C. Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar take over Judah (S); he destroys Solomon’s temple In 539 B.C. Persians under King Cyrus conquer Babylon In 539 B.C. Persians under King Cyrus conquer Babylon 40,000 Jews return to Jerusalem Temple, walls rebuilt Land later ruled by Greeks, Romans

70 AD Romans destroy the 2 nd temple and the Hebrews are dispersed (Diaspora) 70 AD Romans destroy the 2 nd temple and the Hebrews are dispersed (Diaspora) 1948 AD Israel 1948 AD Israel

Judaism Today Star of David is symbol Star of David is symbol Yarmulke Yarmulke The Torah Scroll The Torah Scroll Jerusalem is holy city and capital of Israel Jerusalem is holy city and capital of Israel Western Wall is holy site in Jerusalem Western Wall is holy site in Jerusalem Kosher laws Kosher laws No pigs or shellfish No pigs or shellfish Worship at Synagogue Worship at Synagogue Rabbi is spiritual leader Rabbi is spiritual leader Holy day is Saturday Holy day is Saturday Bar/Bat Mitzvah is ceremony for boys /girls to enter adult religious community Bar/Bat Mitzvah is ceremony for boys /girls to enter adult religious community

Western Wall Holy site in Jerusalem Holy site in Jerusalem The Jews attribute it to a promise made by God that some part of the holy Temple would be left standing as a sign of God's unbroken bond with the Jewish people in spite of the catastrophes which had befallen them. The Jews attribute it to a promise made by God that some part of the holy Temple would be left standing as a sign of God's unbroken bond with the Jewish people in spite of the catastrophes which had befallen them.God