Chapter 2/3 Review Game The Chemistry of Life
What is anything that occupies space and has mass? Matter
What is made of a single kind of atom and cannot be broken down by chemical means into simpler substances? Element
What 3 subatomic particles make up the atom? Protons, neutrons, & electrons
What two subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom? Protons and neutrons
What is the charge on each of the subatomic particles? Proton + (positive) Neutron 0 (neutral) Electron – (negative)
What does the atomic number tell you? Number of protons Number of electrons
What does the mass number tell you? Number of protons + neutrons
What type of bond is formed when two atoms share electrons? Covalent bond
When an atom gives away an electron – what is formed? An ion (a positive ion)
The equation for photosynthesis is: CO 2 + H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 What are the reactants in this equation? CO 2 + H 2 O
There is an uneven distribution of charge Electrons are shared unevenly You learned that water is a polar molecule. What does this mean?
What side of the water molecule (oxygen or hydrogen) is negative? Oxygen
What is the force that holds water molecules together – the reason for being able to get 35 drops of water on top of the penny? Cohesion
What is the force called that attracts water to other substances – an example would be a meniscus in a graduated cylinder? Adhesion
A solution consists of a solute evenly dissolved in a solvent. What would be an example of a solvent? Water
What is the pH range of acids? Less than 7
If you measure the pH of something as 7 – what term would describe this number? Neutral
What are chemicals that neutralize the effects of acids and bases? Buffers
What is the monomer of carbohydrates? Monosaccharide
What three atoms make up carbohydrates? Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
What is the main function of carbohydrates in our bodies? Main energy source
What is the monomer for proteins? Amino acids
What are the three parts of an amino acid? Amino group, R group, carboxyl group
What is the monomer of lipids? Fatty acid
What are 2 examples of lipids? Phospholipids, triglycerides, waxes, oils, steroids
What is the monomer for nucleic acids? Nucleotide
What are the three parts of a nucleotide? 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base
What is the main function of nucleic acids? Store and transmit (hereditary) information
What type of lipid is solid at room temperature? Saturated fatty acids (triglycerides)
Name that macromolecule (carb, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid) Sucrose Carb
Name that macromolecule (carb, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid) Enzymes Protein
Name that macromolecule (carb, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid) DNA Nucleic acid
Name that macromolecule (carb, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid) Waxes Lipids
Name that macromolecule (carb, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid) Phospholipids Lipids
Name that macromolecule (carb, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid) Starch Carb
Name that macromolecule (carb, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid) Glycogen Carb
Name that macromolecule (carb, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid) Muscle fibers (actin/myosin) Protein
Name that macromolecule (carb, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid) Sucrase Protein (enzymes end in –ase)