1. Chapter 2
Chemistry of Life

2. Composition of Matter
Matter- anything that has mass and takes up space.
Mass- measure of the
amount of matter in
an object.
DOES NOT CHANGE

3. What is an atom?!?! The simplest particle of an element
That retains all of the properties
of that element.

4. Proton: Neutron: Electron: What makes up an atom? Located inside the
nucleus
Neutron:
Located inside the nucleus
Electron:
Located outside the nucleus in an electron cloud.

5. Proton
Neutron

6. Periodic Table of Elements

7. ELEMENTS- substances that cannot be broken down
chemically into simpler kinds of matter
Atomic number
Chemical symbol
Atomic mass

8. # of electrons = # of protons
Atomic Number: the number of protons in
the nucleus
- appears above the chemical
symbol.
Mass Number: equal to the total number of
protons and neutrons in an atom.
# of electrons = # of protons

9. # of Neutrons = 19-9 # of Neutrons = 10
Atomic Number
Mass Number
# of Neutrons = Mass Number – Atomic Number
# of Neutrons = 19-9
# of Neutrons = 10

10. Proton
Neutron
Electron
Proton
Neutron
Electron

11. Compound- is a substance made of the joined atoms of two or more different elements.
Molecule- group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.

12. Chemical Bonds Covalent bond- 2 or more atoms share electrons.
Hydrogen bond- attraction between two water molecules.
Ionic bond- unequal sharing of electrons-

13. Ion
Has gained or lost an electron.
Positive or negative charge.

14. Water 70 % of your body is made of water.
Water absorbs heat more slowly than other substances.
Water retains energy longer than other substances.

15. Cohesion Attraction between substances of the same kind.
Water bonding with water.

16. Adhesion Attraction between different substances.
Water bonding to a leaf.

17. Solution
Mixture in which one or more substances are evenly distributed in another substance.
Ex: sugar and water

18. Polarity Water is a polar molecule. Polar molecules dissolve in water.
Like dissolves like
Nonpolar molecules do not dissolve well in water.
Oil- clumps together in water

19. pH Acid- (0-6) form hydrogen ions (H+)
Base-(8-14) form hydroxide ions (OH-)
Neutral- (7)

21. Carbohydrates
Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in the proportion 1:2:1.
Monosaccharides- building blocks of carbohydrates.
Simple sugars
Glucose

22. Lipids Nonpolar molecules that are not soluble
or mostly insoluble in water.
Fats, phospholipids, steroids, & waxes.
Lipids are important in the cell membrane.
phospholipid bilayer
Fats are lipids that store energy.

23. Proteins Large molecules made of amino acids.
Structural functions & enzymes in reactions

24. Nucleic Acids Long chain of smaller molecules called nucleotides.
Sugar
Base
Phosphate group
DNA- 2 strands of nucleotides that spiral around each other.
RNA- one single strand of nucleotides or of base-paired nucleotides.

25. ATP Adenosine triphosphate
Cells need a steady supply of ATP to function.

26. Ability to move or change matter.
Light, heat, chemical, mechanical, and electrical.
Energy can be stored or released during chemical reactions.

27. Energy
Reactants  products

28. Enzyme Substances that increase the speed of chemical reactions.
Most are proteins.
Help organisms maintain homeostasis.
CO2+ H2O  H2CO3

29. Enzyme Specificity
Substrate- substance on which an enzyme acts during a chemical reaction.
active sites- folds on an enzyme.