Read pages 6-7. Classification is the grouping of things according to characteristics. The science of classifying organisms is known as taxonomy. One early classification system was created by Aristotle. His system: *divided organisms into 2 groups - plants and animals *divided animals into blood and bloodless *also divided animals into 3 groups according to how they moved - walking, flying, or swimming (land, air, or water) *his system was used from around 330 BC into the 1600's Name 2 animals for each of the three groups. What problems were there with his system?

Carl Linnaeus introduced our current system of classification and taxonomy in his 10 th edition of Systemae Naturae in Classified plants and animals according to similarities in form. He also introduced the first rules of nomenclature in that edition: two-part (binomial) name (nomenclature) for each species in Latin -- Bufo americanus Homo-sapien His rules are still in use today. Linnaeus’s system allows for classification of a more diverse species population. Why did it take so long to move to this system?

The seven classification groups of living things that we use today are: 1. Kingdom 2. Phylum 3. Class 4. Order 5. Family 6. Genus 7. Species Can you come up with your own saying? Read pages 8-9

Notice how the “location” gets more specific as you move down the 7 levels.

Animal Kingdom Vertebrate Mammal Carnivore Bear Polar Bear

Classification systems are still changing today. There are now six kingdoms of living things. 1.Animals 2.Plants 3.Fungus 4.Protists 5.Archaebacteria 6.Eubacteria 7.Eubacteria

Animals: 1.are multicellular 2.are heterotrophic- cannot make their own food 3.have the ability to move 4.are broken down into 30 phyla, one of which is chordata, or vertebrate.

Read Pg 10 Vertebrates have backbones that protect the spinal cord. A spinal cord a special set of nerves that go to the brain. Vertebrates are classified into 5 classes: 1. Mammals 2. Reptiles 3. Birds 4. Amphibians 5. Fish Why do you think there are more fish than any other class?

What do all of these organisms have in common? Read pg. 11

All mammals have the following characteristics: 1. Breathe air through lungs 2. Mothers give milk to their young 3. Most have hair or fur 4. Warm-blooded “Warm blooded” means they maintain their body temperature regardless of the temperature of the environment.

Did you name some of these?

What do all of these organisms have in common? Read page 12

All reptiles have the following characteristics: 1. Dry, scaly skin 2. Cold-blooded 3. Lay eggs 4. Do not feed young 5. Breathe through lungs “Cold blooded” means their body temperature depends on the temperature of their environment.

What do all of these organisms have in common? What would change if we added these birds? Read pg. 12

All birds have the following characteristics: 1. Warm-blooded 2. Feathers 3. Hard beaks 4. Lay eggs 5. Have wings 6. Breathe through lungs Notice that flying is NOT a characteristic of birds! Not all birds can fly. The bat can fly, but it is a mammal.

Read pg. 14 All amphibians have the following characteristics: 1. Cold-blooded 2. Soft, moist skin 3. Lay eggs 4. Do not feed young 5. Breathe through gills as young, then lungs as adults Amphibians undergo metamorphosis- a large change in physical appearance.

What do all of these organisms have in common?

All fish have the following characteristics: 1. Most have scales 2. Spend their whole life in water 3. Cold-blooded 4. Do not feed their young 5. Breathe through gills 6. Have fins Read page 14-15

Are sharks fish? How do you know?

Vertebrate Classes EnvironmentHow do they breathe? Skin Covering Other defining characteristi cs Mammals Reptiles Birds Amphibians Fish