Please get out a sheet of loose-leaf paper and wait for further instruction.

How did it feel to be a explorer?

 1.If you were the explorer how did you feel? 2.Why was the explorer blindfolded? 3.If you were a spectator how did you feel? 4.Why did the spectators have to be silent? 5.What potential risks did exploring the unknown involve? 6.What possible rewards did exploring the unknown involve? 7.In your opinion, do the rewards outweigh the risks? Title your responses “Exploration Simulation”. Simulation Debrief

 By the early 1400s, Europeans were ready to venture beyond their borders. The Renaissance encouraged, among other things, a new spirit of adventure and curiosity. This spirit of adventure, along with several other important religious and economic reasons, prompted Europeans to explore the world around them. These explorations began a long process that would bring together the people of many different lands and permanently change the world. Exploration of the East

“FOR GOD, GLORY AND GOLD!”

 “For God, Glory and Gold!”  GOD: missionaries  GLORY: adventure, discoveries, claims  GOLD: riches

Asia

The Known World pre-1942

 Europeans Explore the East  Portugal & Spain led the way in exploration  Portugal  Prince Henry  committed to exploration  1419: established navigation school  Bartolomeu Dias: sailed around tip of Africa  Vasco da Gama: sailed around Africa to India

 With one partner, you will work through the two Age of Exploration packets that require you to plot the many voyages of the most famous world travelers. MATERIALS NEEDED packet map map markers two sheets of paper Your packets will instruct you, step by step, to plot numerous locations and trace various journeys around the globe. In addition, you will be required to answer a few questions included in various locations throughout each packet. Each partner must answer these questions on a separate sheet of paper. Once finished with part one, raise your hand and I will give you the second packet. The Age of Exploration

  Chinese rudder introduced in twelfth century  Square sails replaced by triangular lateen sales  Work better with cross winds  Navigational instruments  Knowledge of winds, currents  The volta do mar  “Return through the sea” Technology of Exploration

 Wind and Current Patterns

 Trading-Post Empires  Portuguese first to set up trading posts  Fifty by mid-sixteenth century  Not to establish trade monopolies, rather to charge duties  Afonso d’Alboquerque major naval commander  Architect of trade duties policy; violators would have hands amputated  Yet Arab traders continue to operate  Portuguese control declines by end of 16th century

  Rival, parallel trading networks  English concentrate on Indian trade  Dutch in Cape Town, Colombo, southern Pacific English & Dutch Trading Posts

 European Trading Posts in Africa and Asia, about 1700

 Trading Companies  Advantage of Dutch and English over Portuguese  English East India Company, established 1600  Dutch United East India Company (VOC), established 1602  Privately owned ships, government support  Empowered with right to engage in trade, build posts, even make war  Exceptionally profitable

 European Conquests in SE Asia  Spanish conquer Philippines, name them after King Philip II  Manila becomes major port city  Influx of Chinese traders, highly resented by Spanish, Filipinos  Frequent massacres throughout seventeenth, up to nineteenth century  Significant missionary activity  Dutch concentrate on spice trade in Indonesia  Establish Batavia, trading post in Java  Less missionary activity

 Russian Expansion in Asia  Russians take over Mongol khanates, sixteenth century  Astrakhan becomes major trading city  Caucasus absorbed in eighteenth century  Siberian expansions in sixteenth to seventeenth century  Trade with indigenous Siberian peoples  Little success with missionary efforts  Some local rebellions

 Russian Occupation of Siberia  Criminals, prisoners of war exiled to Siberia  Disgruntled peasants migrate east  Trading posts develop  Russian population expands dramatically  In 1763: 420,000 Russians in Siberia, outnumber indigenous peoples 2:1

 The Seven Years’ War ( )  Commercial rivalries between empires at sea  Global conflict erupts: multiple theatres in Europe, India, Caribbean, North America  North America: merges with French and Indian War,  British emerge victorious, establish primacy in India, Canada