1. Section 1 “Europeans Explore the East”
Chapter 19
Section 1
“Europeans Explore the East”

2. For “God, Glory, and Gold”
Europeans Seek New Trade Routes
Main reason for exploration is to gain wealth
Contact during Crusades spurs demand for Asian goods
Muslims and Italians control trade from East to West
Other European nations want to bypass these powers

3. The Spread of Christianity
The desire to spread the religion motivates Europeans to explore
Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias wants to serve God and king

4. Crusades
Demand for luxury items
Break Italian & Muslim monopoly
Find alternate routes to Asia
Feudalism over—adventure
Curiosity about the world (Renaissance)
Spread Christianity

5. Magnetic compass
Better Maps
Sextant
Astrolabe
Better ships
Stern Rudder
Quadrant

6. Technology Makes Exploration Possible
In 1400s the caravel makes it possible to sail against wind

7. Technology Makes Exploration Possible
Astrolabe makes navigation easier
Used to determine altitude of stars
Magnetic compass improves tracking of direction

8. The astrolabe was eventually replaced by the sextant.

10. Another nice innovation was the compass from China.
First Chinese mention of something like a compass is about 70 AD. First mention of one used for navigation is 1119.

11. New triangular sails were another big deal
New triangular sails were another big deal. They allowed ships to travel against the wind by tacking (zig- zagging).

12. Portugal Leads the Way The Portuguese Explore Africa
Prince Henry supports exploration
In 1419, he founds navigation school on coast of Portugal
By 1460, there are trading posts along west coast of Africa

13. Portuguese Sailors Reach Asia
1488 – Bartolomeu Dias sails around the southern tip of Africa
1498 – Vasco da Gama sails to India
1499 – da Gama returns to Portugal with valuable cargo

15. Spain Also Makes Claims
A Rival Power
Columbus sails for Spain
Reaches the Americas instead of Asia
Opens Americas to exploration and colonization

16. Treaty of Tordesillas
1493 – Pope decides to divide these lands between Spain and Portugal with an imaginary line through the Atlantic Ocean
1494 – agreement formalized by the Treaty of Tordesillas

17. Trading Empires in the Indian Ocean
Portugal’s Trading Empire
1509 – Portugal defeats Muslims, takes over Indian Ocean trade
1510 – Portugal captures Goa, port city in western India
1511 – Portugal seizes Malacca, in Malay Peninsula
These gains break Muslim-Italian hold on Asian trade

18. Other Nations Challenge the Portuguese
English and Dutch begin moving into Asia in the 17th century
Dutch have more ships than any other nation in 1600
Dutch and English weaken Portuguese control of Asian trade
Dutch then overpower English
Form Dutch East India Company for Asian Trade

19. European Trade Outposts
1619 – Dutch set up trade headquarters at Batavia, on Java
Throughout 1600s, Dutch trade grows
Amsterdam, Dutch capital, becomes wealthy city
Dutch also control southern tip of Africa
England’s East India Company gains strength in India
France also gains trade foothold in India