1. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter Twenty-Three: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections Bentley & Ziegler, TRADITIONS AND ENCOUNTERS, 2/e

2. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The European Reconnaissance of the World’s Oceans Motives for Exploration Portuguese Exploration Chapter Twenty-Three: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections Caravan traveling from China to Europe, Catalan Atlas ca. 1375

3. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The European Reconnaissance of the World’s Oceans Motives for Exploration Portuguese Exploration The Lure of Trade Missionary Efforts Chapter Twenty-Three: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections

4. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The European Reconnaissance of the World’s Oceans The Technology of Exploration Navigational Instruments Chapter Twenty-Three: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections Mariner using cross staff to determine latitude.

5. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The European Reconnaissance of the World’s Oceans The Technology of Exploration Navigational Instruments Knowledge of Winds and Currents The volta do mar Chapter Twenty-Three: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections

6. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The European Reconnaissance of the World’s Oceans Voyages of Exploration: From the Mediterranean to the Atlantic Chapter Twenty-Three: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections European Exploration in the Atlantic Ocean, 1486-1498 C.E.

7. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The European Reconnaissance of the World’s Oceans Voyages of Exploration: From the Mediterranean to the Atlantic Prince Henry of Portugal Vasco da Gama Christopher Columbus Hemispheric Links Chapter Twenty-Three: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections

8. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The European Reconnaissance of the World’s Oceans Voyages of Exploration: From the Atlantic to the Pacific Ferdinand Magellan The Circumnavigation Exploration of the Pacific Captain James Cook Chapter Twenty-Three: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections

9. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Trade and Conflict in Early Modern Asia Trading-Post Empires Portugese Trading Posts Afonso d’Alboquerque English and Dutch Trading Posts The Trading Companies Chapter Twenty-Three: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections

10. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Trade and Conflict in Early Modern Asia European Conquests in Southeast Asia Conquest of the Philippines Manila Conquest of Java Chapter Twenty-Three: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections The City of Batavia, ca. 1650

11. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Trade and Conflict in Early Modern Asia Commercial Rivalries and the Seven Years’ War Competition and Conflict The Seven Years’ War British Hegemony Chapter Twenty-Three: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections

12. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Global Exchanges The Columbian Exchange Biological Exchanges Epidemic Diseases and Population Decline Food Crops and Animals American Crops Chapter Twenty-Three: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections American crops unknown to Europe

13. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Global Exchanges The Columbian Exchange Biological Exchanges Epidemic Diseases and Population Decline Food Crops and Animals American Crops Population Growth Chapter Twenty-Three: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections

14. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Global Exchanges The Columbian Exchange Biological Exchanges Epidemic Diseases and Population Decline Food Crops and Animals American Crops Population Growth Migration Chapter Twenty-Three: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections

15. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Global Exchanges The Origins of Global Trade Transoceanic Trade The Manila Galleons Chapter Twenty-Three: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections Spanish galleons off coast of Acapulco

16. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Sources From The Past: Christopher Columbus’s First Impression of American Peoples Chapter Twenty-Three: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections “They are very gentle and do not know what evil is; nor do they kill others, nor steal; and they are without weapons and so timid that a hundred of them flee from one of our men even if our men are teasing them...” - Christopher Columbus

17. Copyright ©2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Sources From The Past: Afonso D’Alboquerque Seizes Hormuz Chapter Twenty-Three: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections “And when Afonso saw… the unexpected victory that Our Lord had sent him and the Moors throwing themselves into the sea from fear of our artillery… [Afonso] called out to the captains to take their boats and follow up the victory.” - Commentaries of the Great Afonso Dalboquerque