China in Revolutions from 1911 to 1949 Session 4

Table of Contents I. Sun Yeh-sen （孙中山） and the Nationalist Party ( 国民党） II. Birth of the Chinese Communist Party （中国共产 党） III. Alliance & Competition between the KMT and the CCP IV. The Civil War V. Factors Led to the Victory of the CCP and Failure of KMT VI. Discussion

Sun Yah-sen’s Revolution in 1911 Overthrow Manchurian Rule internally and drive imperialist powers externally Three People’s Principles （三民主义 ) 1)People’s National Consciousness / Nationalism ( 民族主义） 2)People’s Rights / Democracy （民权主义） 3)People’s Livelihood / Socialism （民生主义） Yuan Shikai vs. Sun Yeh-sen Yuan put an end to his life once he claimed to be an emperor

Sun Yeh-sen & Yuan Shikai 孙中山袁世凯

China was under control of Warlords Yuan Shikai and his emperor dream Northern Factions Anhui clique Zhili clique Fengtian clique Southern Factions Yunnan clique Old Guangxi clique Sichuan clique Nationalist army Minor factions

II. The Birth of the Chinese Communist Party The May Fourth Movement in 1919 The Paris Conference in 1919 President Wilson’s dilemma Lenin’s promise to return the land to China The model of the Soviet Union Establishment of the CCP in 1921

III. Alliance & Competition between the KMT and the CCP Sun’s policy in : Alliance with the Soviet Union and the CCP Chiang Kai-shek succeeded Sun and changed Sun’s policy: The First United Front between these two parties from 1924 to 1927 for the purpose of unifying China (The North Expedition 北伐战争 ) The Shanghai Massacre in 1927 led to the split of the alliance The Long March ( 长征） over 9000 kilometers from from 87,000 to less than 10,000 Japanese invasion in 1937 The Second United Front during the Anti-Japanese War

The North Expedition

The Long March form

Anti-Japanese War and the Second United Front Japan occupied Northeast in 1931 Japan invaded China in 1937 The Rape of Nanjing Xi’an Incident The Second United Front Japan lost in 1945

IV. The Civil War from F. D. Roosevelt’s grant strategy of the world Patrick Hurley’s Mediation from Gorge Marshall’s Mediation from The Civil War between Chiang and Mao from Competition between Washington and Moscow Three military campaigns from Mao defeated Chiang and established the People’s Republic of China in 1949

Three Military Campaigns 三大战役 Three Military Campaigns Liaoning-Shengyang Campaign in Sept. 12 to Nov. 2, ,000 Peiking-Tianjing Campaign from Nov. 29, 1948-Jan. 31, ,000 Huaihai Campaign from Nov. 6, 1948—Jan. 10, ,000 The Establishment of the People’s Republic of China

V. Factors Led to the Victory of the CCP and Failure of KMT Mao’s policy to win peasants’ support Mao’s military strategies KMT’s corruption Chiang’s failure in financial policy

IV. Discussion Why was Sun Yat-sen determined to overthrow the Qing Dynasty? What are Sun Yat-sen's principles and policies of the Nationalist Revolution? How did Chiang Kai-shek change Sun's principles and policies? What was President Roosevelt’s grant plan of the world? How did Mao defeat Chiang supported by the United States? Why did Mao turn to the Soviet Union for support? What were Mao's military strategies which helped Mao won the civil war? Who should be blamed for "loosing China?"

Thank you! Questions?