1. Overthrow of Manchu Dynasty (1644-1911)
Sun Yat-sen becomes president
Hopes to establish govt. based
on the three principles of the people.
1. Nationalism
2. Democracy
3. People’s Livelihood
Sun Yat-sen ( )

2. Era of the Warlords (1916-1926) Local concentrations of power emerge
military leaders & local gentry take control of the provinces.
Warlord armies terrorize the countryside.
Millions of peasants die of famine & disease.
Peasants’ desire for land went unresolved; landless grew

3. World War I--Asia Japan: Seeking a foothold in China
1917-China aides allies vs. Germany
1919 Treaty of Versailles:
Japan gains territory & privileges previously belonging to Germany in China.
Result: May Fourth Movement

4. May Fourth Movement: May 4, 1919
students protest in Peking.
slogan: ‘Down with the Imperialists’
becomes a nationalist movement:
1. Spreads to other cities
2. Nationalism & anti-imperialist sentiment grow.

5. May Fourth Movement: May 4, 1919
Outcome:
Create broad based coalition.
Force release of imprisoned students
dismissal of Japanese officials from govt.
reformers turn against Sun
Yat-sen’s belief in western
democracy.

6. Rise of Marxism & Formation of the CCP
Seen as a method to vitalize Chinese peasantry.
Gains acceptance in wake of industrialization.
Capitalism seen as cause of foreign exploitation & aggression.
1921—CCP formed
Mao Tse-tung

7. KMT and CCP Alliance
Sun Yat-sen organizes the KMT along Bolsheviks lines
1923—Lenin sends military advisors & equipment in return for allowing the CCP to join forces with the KMT.

8. Break-up of KMT and CCP Chiang Kai-shek 1925
Chiang Kai-shek emerges as KMT leader
KMT & CCP forces successfully defeat the Warlords.
1927—Chiang fears CCP and its leaders.
KMT troops overrun Shanghai
Execute CCP leaders & union members.
“Purges” spread to other cities.
Surviving CCP leaders go into hiding.
Chiang Kai-shek

9. Nationalist Republic of China (1928-37)
Chiang Kai-shek becomes President.
U.S. & Britain recognizes KMT government
Government becomes dictatorial and corrupt.
Focuses on modernizing & developing cities.
Ignores the peasants—life does not improve

10. Mao Tse-tung and the Peasants
Recognizes potential.
Organizing soviets to train peasants
Divides CCP land amongst peasants
Wins their loyalty

11. Civil War--1930 Red Army is a Well trained guerilla army.
1933—700,000 KMT soldiers surround CCP’s stronghold.
CCP outnumbered 6 to 1.
1934--CCP forces flee for their lives.

12. The Long March

13. WW II begins in ASIA 1937 Japan launches all out invasion of China.
Japanese threat forces a KMT & CCP truce.
CCP under Mao mobilize peasants for guerilla war against Japan

14. 1942-45 Chiang Kai-shek gathers 2.5 million soldiers
Chiang Kai-shek with FDR & Winston Churchill
Chiang Kai-shek gathers 2.5 million soldiers
Received 1.5 billion in U.S. money & equipment to fight Japan.
Japan defeated in 1945.
1945—CCP controls No. China & KMT Controls So. China.

15. Civil War 1946-49 KMT outnumbers CCP
Chiang receives 2.5 billion more in U.S. aid
KMT can’t muster popular support
China’s economy collapses
Thousands of KMT soldiers desert

16. Mao Zedong Proclaiming the
1949 Mao’s Red Army takes over China’s Major Cities.
Mao gains control of the country
Chiang Kai-shek & KMT leaders flee to Taiwan
People’s Republic of China

17. Credits
Beck, Roger B. et al. Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction.
Boston: McDougal Littell
Craig, Albert M. et al. The Heritage of Western Civilizations
New Jersey: Prentice-Hall
No Author Given. Chinese Photo Gallery.
No Author Given. China. Compton’s Encyclopedia Online