Russian Revolution of 1917 And the Rise of Communist Russia Standard 10c

Show “D6 – russian nationalism vid” Show “D6 – russian nationalism vid”

Causes of the Revolution Basic gist: Things in Russia were not good even before World War I Basic gist: Things in Russia were not good even before World War I 1) Russia loses war to Japan 1) Russia loses war to Japan 2) Russian peasants unhappy 2) Russian peasants unhappy 3) Russia has weak ruler 3) Russia has weak ruler 4) Russians not happy with WW1 4) Russians not happy with WW1

Russian Government Before Revolution Monarchy: The Czar (Tsar) Monarchy: The Czar (Tsar) Until 1905 the Tsar's powers were unlimited Until 1905 the Tsar's powers were unlimited Russia had no constitution Russia had no constitution no political party system to check the Tsar's power no political party system to check the Tsar's power A strong secret police which terrorized the people A strong secret police which terrorized the people

Czar Nicholas II (1894) Last Czar of Russia Nicholas II was a harsh and weak ruler The Russian economy was bankrupt because of the Russo-Japanese War and WWI – Russia’s entry into WWI became very unpopular.

Czar Nicholas II and Family

*Dispute over Manchuria with Japan *Shook national confidence in their progress and rule of Czar. 1) Russo-Japanese War ( )

2) Peasants had no land of their own.

Czar Alexander II (Nicholas’ grandpa) He implemented important reforms, notably the abolition of serfdom In 1867, he sold Alaska and the Aleutian Islands to the United States Killed by the Revolutionary Group: The People’s Will

Tsar Nicholas II 3)The Russian Tsar was not a strong leader. *Problems at home

Rasputin

Rasputin with Admirers

4) Military Defeats and High Casualties Many soldiers died in WWI—5.5 million wounded, killed or prisoners. Many soldiers died in WWI—5.5 million wounded, killed or prisoners.

Russia and World War I Russia declares war on Austria-Hungary Russia declares war on Austria-Hungary War becomes unpopular War becomes unpopular Rationing leads to starvation Rationing leads to starvation Nicholas II leaves St. Petersburg to war front—wants to boost troop morale Nicholas II leaves St. Petersburg to war front—wants to boost troop morale

The Rise of Communism

Bloody Sunday (1905)

Nicholas orders troops to fire on crowd, killing many women who were protesting for lack of bread Nicholas orders troops to fire on crowd, killing many women who were protesting for lack of bread Massive strikes around the country Massive strikes around the country Tsar creates Duma (like a congress) to appease the people; never really has any power Tsar creates Duma (like a congress) to appease the people; never really has any power Needless to say, this does not make him very popular. Tsar goes from “champion of the people” to very hated man Needless to say, this does not make him very popular. Tsar goes from “champion of the people” to very hated man

February/March Revolution (1917) protests spread through St. Petersburg and the Royal palace is taken over. Guards do not stop rioters protests spread through St. Petersburg and the Royal palace is taken over. Guards do not stop rioters. Czar abdicates Czar abdicates Provisional government (Duma) takes control, led by Alexander Kerensky Provisional government (Duma) takes control, led by Alexander Kerensky Provisional government unpopular after decision to stay in WWI Provisional government unpopular after decision to stay in WWI

Rise of Communism Provisional government continues WWI Riots broke out in St. Petersburg – –army refused to stop them Bolsheviks seize power of the government under the leadership of Lenin

October (Bolshevik) Revolution-1917 Led by V. I. Lenin Led by V. I. Lenin –“Peace, Land, and Bread” –Germany (fighting WWI) allowed Lenin to sneak through its territory back into Russia Won support of people Won support of people –(especially peasants)

1918 March: The Bolsheviks accept the peace of Brest ‑ Litovsk, ending WWI with Germany March: The Bolsheviks accept the peace of Brest ‑ Litovsk, ending WWI with Germany –Bolsheviks need to focus on holding power and fighting civil war Pretty much the birth of new Soviet Union (1922), under leadership of Lenin Pretty much the birth of new Soviet Union (1922), under leadership of Lenin

Vladimir Lenin –Workers control factories –Banks controlled by the state –Took property from the church  New Economic Policy (NEP) 

USSR Established Civil war: Bolsheviks vs. White Russians (anti-communists) Civil war: Bolsheviks vs. White Russians (anti-communists) 1922 Bolsheviks win 1922 Bolsheviks win Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) Союз Советских Социалистических Республик

Rule of Lenin Economic Reforms included the New Economic Plan (NEP) Economic Reforms included the New Economic Plan (NEP) -moderate mix of capitalism and socialism Political Reforms Political Reforms -Bolshevik party became Communist Party -Russia becomes the United Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

Communism A Form of Socialism A Form of Socialism –Central Planning of the Economy by the State Gov’t (Communist Party) makes decisions on individual jobs and pay Gov’t (Communist Party) makes decisions on individual jobs and pay

1924 Lenin Dies Lenin Dies Power Vaccuum Power Vaccuum Leon Trotsky vs. Joseph Stalin Leon Trotsky vs. Joseph Stalin Stalin takes control Stalin takes control Now must decide how he will maintain power Now must decide how he will maintain power Decides to create a totalitarian state Decides to create a totalitarian state

Joseph Stalin In 1924 Lenin died after having several strokes. In 1924 Lenin died after having several strokes. After Lenin died, Stalin Seized power. After Lenin died, Stalin Seized power.

Characteristics of a Totalitarian State Dictatorship- Absolute Authority Dictatorship- Absolute Authority Dynamic Leader- Vision for the nation Dynamic Leader- Vision for the nation State Control Over All Sectors of Society State Control Over All Sectors of Society –Business, Family Life, Labor, youth groups, housing, religion, education, the arts State Control Over the Individual State Control Over the Individual –Obedience –Denies basic liberties Organized Violence Organized Violence –Uses force to crush opposition

Stalin’s Totalitarian State State Control of the Economy State Control of the Economy –5 year plan, collective farms Police Terror Police Terror –Great Purge, crush opposition Religious Persecution Religious Persecution –Control of the individual Propaganda (socialist realism) Propaganda (socialist realism) –Molding peoples minds Education Education –Controlled by the government

It is enough that the people know there was an election. The people who cast the votes decide nothing. The people who count the votes decide everything. Ideas are more powerful than guns. We would not let our enemies have guns, why should we let them have ideas. Death is the solution to all problems. No man - no problem.