1. Russian Revolution

2. Russian Government Before Revolution
Monarchy: The Czar (Tsar)
Until 1905 the Tsar's powers were unlimited.
Russia had no constitution,
no political party system to check the Tsar's power
A strong secret police which terrorized the people.

3. Czar Nicholas II (1894) Last Czar of Russia
Nicholas II was a harsh and weak ruler
The Russian economy was bankrupt because of the Russo-Japanese War and WWI Russia’s entry into WWI became very unpopular.

4. Czar Nicholas II and Family

5. Russo-Japanese War (1904)
Dispute over Manchuria with Japan
Shook national confidence in their progress and rule of Czar.

7. Bloody Sunday (1905)

8. Bloody Sunday
200,000 workers and their families marched on the Czar’s winter palace.
Czar Nicholas II ordered troops to fire upon the crowd killing 1,000.
Strikes and protest afterwards force Nicholas to create Duma (Provisional Govt.) No power and dissolved later.

9. Russia and World War I Russia declares war on Austria-Hungary
War becomes unpopular
Rationing leads to starvation
Nicholas II leaves St. Petersburg to war front

11. Rasputin

12. Rasputin with Admirers

14. Communist Ideology
There is a constant struggle between the Bourgeoisie (Owners) and the Proletariat (Workers)
Proletariat must rise up to create equality and redistribute the wealth.
After the revolution, the government must be run by one party to ensure its goals.

15. Communism A Form of Socialism
Means of production, distribution, and exchange are owned/operated by community
Gov’t (Communist Party) makes all decisions on economic policy, individual jobs and pay

16. March Revolution (1917)
1917- protests spread through St. Petersburg and the Royal palace is taken over.
Czar abdicates
Provisional government (Duma is back!) takes control lead by Alexander Keresnky
Provisional government unpopular after decision to stay in WWI

17. October (Bolshevik) Revolution-1917
Lenin returned from exile (Thanks Germany) to help lead another revolution. This time it is a Communist revolution.
Lead by Lenin’s slogan “Peace, Land, and Bread”
Won support of people (especially peasants whom he promised land, bread)
Elites/rich not to happy about this revolution

19. 1918
1918 March The Bolsheviks accept the peace of Brest‑Litovsk, ending WWI with Germany.

20.
1919 White Armies (Royal and Menshevik troops) attack the Reds (Bolsheviks) from all directions. Only united by common hatred of Reds.
Very bloody civil war 14 million died due to Fighting and Famine
1920- Reds defeat Whites thanks to leadership of Trotsky.

21. Rule of Lenin 1920-1924 New Economic Plan (NEP)
-Small scale capitalism mixed with socialism
-Surplus crops could be sold at profit
-Major industry ran by government,
-Small industry private ownership.
Russia becomes the United Soviet Socialist Republics- (Try to get rid of Nationalism) everyone is the same!

23. 1924 Lenin Dies Power Vaccuum Leon Trotsky vs. Joseph Stalin
Stalin takes control
Stalin is more Nationalistic. “USSR will be the first great Socialist country”
Decides to create a totalitarian state

25. Characteristics of a Totalitarian State
Dictatorship- Absolute Authority
Dynamic Leader- Vision for the nation
State Control Over All Sectors of Society
Business, Family Life, Labor, youth groups, housing, religion, education, the arts
State Control Over the Individual
Obedience
Denies basic liberties
Organized Violence
Uses force to crush opposition

26. Stalin’s Totalitarian State
State Control of the Economy
5 year plan, collective farms
Police Terror
Great Purge, crush opposition
Religious Persecution
Control of the individual
Propaganda (socialist realism)
Molding peoples minds
Education
Controlled by the government