1. Before, during and after the Russian Revolution

2. Russian Government Before Revolution
Monarchy: The Czar (Tsar)
Until 1905 the Tsar's powers were unlimited.
Russia had no constitution,
no political party system to check the Tsar's power
A strong secret police which terrorized the people.

3. Royal Background Nicholas II
Created the first secret police in Russia, brutal leader, response to revolt of army officers in 1825

4. Czar Alexander II
He implemented important reforms, notably the abolition of serfdom,
In 1867, he sold Alaska and the Aleutian Islands to the United States.
Killed by the Revolutionary Group: The People’s Will

5. Czar Alexander III
Alexander III's reign was during an industrial revolution in Russia .
His reign was harsh, against revolutionaries and other liberal movements.

6. Czar Nicholas II (1894) Last Czar of Russia
Nicholas II was a harsh and weak ruler
The Russian economy was bankrupt because of the Russo-Japanese War and WWI Russia’s entry into WWI became very unpopular.

7. Czar Nicholas II and Family

8. Russo-Japanese War (1904)
Dispute over Manchuria with Japan
Shook national confidence in their progress and rule of Czar.

9. Bloody Sunday (1905)

10. Russia and World War I Russia declares war on Austria-Hungary
War becomes unpopular
Rationing leads to starvation
Nicholas II leaves St. Petersburg to war front

12. Rasputin

13. Rasputin with Admirers

15. March Revolution (1917)
1917- protests spread through St. Petersburg and the Royal palace is taken over.
Czar abdicates
Provisional government (Duma) takes control lead by Alexander Keresnky
Provisional government unpopular after decision to stay in WWI

16. October (Bolshevik) Revolution-1917
Lead by VI Lenin “Peace, Land, and Bread”
Won support of people (especially peasants)

18. 1918
1918 March The Bolsheviks accept the peace of Brest‑Litovsk, ending WWI with Germany.

19.
1919 White Armies (Royal and Menshevik troops) attack the Reds (Bolsheviks) from all directions.
1920- Reds defeat Whites

20. Rule of Lenin
Economic Reforms included the New Economic Plan (NEP)
-moderate mix of capitalism and socialism
Political Reforms
-Bolshevik party became Communist Party
-Russia becomes the United Soviet Socialist Republics

22. Communism A Form of Socialism
Central Planning of the Economy by the State
Gov’t (Communist Party) makes decisions on individual jobs and pay

23. 1924 Lenin Dies Power Vaccuum Leon Trotsky vs. Joseph Stalin
Stalin takes control
Now must decide how he will maintain power
Decides to create a totalitarian state