1. Russian Revolution

2. Russian Government Before Revolution
Monarchy: The Czar (Tsar)
Until 1905 the Tsar's powers were unlimited.
Russia had no constitution,
no political party system to check the Tsar's power
A strong secret police which terrorized the people.

3. Czar Alexander II
He implemented important reforms, notably the abolition of serfdom,
In 1867, he sold Alaska and the Aleutian Islands to the United States.
Killed by the Revolutionary Group: “The People’s Will”
He was killed by the terrorist organization when one of their members threw a bomb at him while walking the streets of St. Petersburg

4. Czar Alexander III
Alexander III's reign was during an industrial revolution in Russia .
His reign was harsh, against revolutionaries and other liberal movements.
There was an unsuccessful assassination attempt by Vladimir Lenin’s brother

5. Czar Nicholas II (1894) Last Czar of Russia
Nicholas II was a harsh and weak ruler
The Russian economy was bankrupt because of the Russo-Japanese War. Russia lost land and resources
WWI Russia’s entry into WWI became very unpopular with his people

6. Czar Nicholas II and Family
Queen Alexandria, Son was Alexei (suffered from hemophilia
Czar Nicholas II and Family

7. Russo-Japanese War (1904)
Dispute over Manchuria with Japan
Shook national confidence in their progress and rule of Czar.
This was an embarrassing loss for Russia (First victory of an Asian Nation Against a European Power)

8. Russo-Japanese War (1904)

9. Bloody Sunday (1905)
This is when Russian citizens protested in front of the Winter Palace (home of the Tsar) and his military opened fire on the crowd killing over 100 Russians. This led to Russians having little trust in their leader. The Tsar was forced to create a “Duma” to allow representatives a voice

10. Russia and World War I Russia declares war on Austria-Hungary
War becomes unpopular
Rationing leads to starvation
Nicholas II leaves St. Petersburg to war front
The Tsar is now gone and Queen Alexandria falls under the spell of Rasputin

11. Rasputin

12. Rasputin and his evil trickery
The Tsar leaves Russia and his wife Queen Alexandria is in charge
Rasputin’s power comes from the myth that he is a true healer and upon his touch he can cure any illness
The Tsar’s son Alexei has hemophilia (blood clout disease

13. Rasputin and his evil trickery
The Queen falls into his spell because she is convinced he can heal her son.
This allowed him to have full control of the royal family and he put his followers in position of high government office.
He is also known as a “Womanizer” he had a certain flare that attracted a lot of women
He used Sex as his weapon to take control
He made horrible decisions and this led to the people of Russia to question the royal family and saw them as “Vulnerable”

15. March Revolution (1917)
1917- protests spread through St. Petersburg and the Royal palace is taken over.
Czar abdicates
Provisional government (Duma) takes control lead by Alexander Keresnky
Provisional government unpopular after decision to stay in WWI

16. Assassination of Tsar Nicolas II and his Family
The Russian Population was devastated to hear that over 2 million casualties occurred
Mass desertion (leaving and did not follow orders) made them feel the Tsar has lost his role as a good leader
In all over 6 million casualties of war before they quit
Here is the story of the Assassination
Show Youtube Re-enactment

17. October (Bolshevik) Revolution-1917
Lead by VI Lenin “Peace, Land, and Bread”
Won support of people (especially peasants)

19. 1918
1918 March The Bolsheviks accept the peace of Brest‑Litovsk, ending WWI with Germany.

20.
1919 White Armies (Royal and Menshevik troops) attack the Reds (Bolsheviks) from all directions.
1920- Reds defeat Whites

21. Rule of Lenin
Economic Reforms included the New Economic Plan (NEP)
-moderate mix of capitalism and socialism
Political Reforms
-Bolshevik party became Communist Party
-Russia becomes the United Soviet Socialist Republics

23. Communism A Form of Socialism
Central Planning of the Economy by the State
Gov’t (Communist Party) makes decisions on individual jobs and pay

24. 1924 Lenin Dies Power Vaccuum Leon Trotsky vs. Joseph Stalin
Stalin takes control
Now must decide how he will maintain power
Decides to create a totalitarian state

26. Characteristics of a Totalitarian State
Dictatorship- Absolute Authority
Dynamic Leader- Vision for the nation
State Control Over All Sectors of Society
Business, Family Life, Labor, youth groups, housing, religion, education, the arts
State Control Over the Individual
Obedience
Denies basic liberties
Organized Violence
Uses force to crush opposition

27. Stalin’s Totalitarian State
State Control of the Economy
5 year plan, collective farms
Police Terror
Great Purge, crush opposition
Religious Persecution
Control of the individual
Propaganda (socialist realism)
Molding peoples minds
Education
Controlled by the government