1. After the Revolution… Lenin’s First Steps Peace End to WWI w/ Treaty of Brest- Litovsk Council of People’s Commissars Replaces Duma to consolidate power Cheka Secret Police to maintain order over citizens Civil War: Reds (Bolsheviks) vs. Whites (Coalition of Mensheviks, Czarists, Reformists) 1918-1921 Communism Place factories under soviet control Redistribute land

2. Rule of Lenin 1920-1924 Economic Reforms included the New Economic Plan (NEP)

3. N.E.P (Success) Mix of Capitalism / Socialism Attempt to rebuild economy & agriculture Limited Free Market System

4. Rule of Lenin 1920-1924 Economic Reforms included the New Economic Plan (NEP) Political Reforms -Bolshevik party became Communist Party -Russia becomes the United Soviet Socialist Republics

5. Characteristics of a Totalitarian State Dictatorship- Absolute Authority Dynamic Leader- Vision for the nation State Control Over All Sectors of Society – Business, Family Life, Labor, youth groups, housing, religion, education, the arts State Control Over the Individual – Obedience – Denies basic liberties Organized Violence – Uses force to crush opposition

6. Stalin’s Totalitarian State State Control of the Economy – 5 year plan, collective farms Police Terror – Great Purge, crush opposition Religious Persecution – Control of the individual Propaganda (socialist realism) – Molding peoples minds Education – Controlled by the government

7. Stalin’s 5 Year Plans Reorganize economy to catch up w/ the West Applied to Industry & Agriculture Collectivize farms: State takes proceeds Goal Unrealistic production quotas w/ brutal enforcement methods & poor working conditions Resistance to collectivization by peasants had to be crushed Decrease in urban standard of living / living conditions (overcrowding/housing shortages). Preference to “megaprojects” made consumer goods unavailable. Problems