The Protestant Reformation

What is the Protestant Reformation? Protestant Reformation- a religious movement in the 1500’s that split the Christian church in western Europe and led to the establishment of a number of new churches. Protestant Reformation- a religious movement in the 1500’s that split the Christian church in western Europe and led to the establishment of a number of new churches. Church Abuses  Uneducated, illiterate priests with illegitimate children.  Church owned 1/3 of all land in Europe.  Clergy spent lavishly on themselves.  Popes ordered assassinations, had illegitimate kids, & had had armies and waged wars for profit.  Charged high fees for church services such as marriages and funerals, charged people to see church relics (some made up like Mary’s feeding milk and Moses’s staff).  Sold *indulgences to people for profit. *Indulgences- Documents freeing a person from God’s punishment of Sin.

What happens to spark the Reformation? Pope Leo X needed money to build St. Peter’s Basilica…so he sells indulgences! Pope Leo X needed money to build St. Peter’s Basilica…so he sells indulgences! Cash my Sins! Video Cash my Sins! Video

Important Developments that Aided the Process to Reformation! The Printing Press!!!! ◦ Books are now available to the masses not just the rich! ◦ Ideas (like the reformation) could be easily transmitted quickly from one place to another. Printing Press = 3,600 pages per workday Hand Printing = 40 pages per workday Hand Copying= 5-10 per day.

Martin Luther Luther was a German monk and professor of theology (religion) at the University of Wittenberg. Luther was a German monk and professor of theology (religion) at the University of Wittenberg. Spoke & wrote about the abuses of the Church. Spoke & wrote about the abuses of the Church. Believed that people should read and interpret the bible for themselves. Believed that people should read and interpret the bible for themselves.

Luther’s 95 Theses In 1517, He wrote down his 95 Theses (problems in the Church) and distributed them throughout Germany & Europe. In 1517, He wrote down his 95 Theses (problems in the Church) and distributed them throughout Germany & Europe. 95 Thesis video 95 Thesis video 95 Thesis video 95 Thesis video ◦ Luther’s intention: NOT TO BREAK WITH CHURCH, BUT REFORM IT! ◦ Criticized: 1.Indulgences 2.Power of Pope 3.Wealth of Church His View: God’s Grace won by FAITH ALONE! His View: God’s Grace won by FAITH ALONE! ◦ Catholic View: Good Works Martin Luther Video Martin Luther Video

Excommunication In 1520 Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther. ◦ (Excommunication- expelled from the church.) ◦ The printing press had sent Luther’s writings all over Europe and others began to question the church in Protest. ◦ Hence the term Protestant! Luther on Trial and His Response

Other Reformations John Calvin in Switzerland John Calvin in Switzerland ◦ Predestination ◦ (God knows who will be saved, even before people are born, and therefore guides the lives of those destined fore salvation.) ◦ Another religion formed called Calvinism.

Reformation in England King Henry VIII King Henry VIII ◦ The king who had six wives because he wanted a son. -He needed a way to get rid of his wives that did not produce male children, but divorces (an alternative to just having them killed) were not given under Catholicism. -Execution of 2nd Wife Execution of 2nd WifeExecution of 2nd Wife

The Church of England The Reformation Parliament- was a gathering that led to the decision that England was no longer under the authority of the pope and made the King head of the Church. The Reformation Parliament- was a gathering that led to the decision that England was no longer under the authority of the pope and made the King head of the Church. ◦ The Church of England is still around today known as the Anglican Church. ◦Henry VIII (Fear of Lady Babies)Henry VIII (Fear of Lady Babies)

Outcome of the Reformation  People openly questioned the Catholic Church’s actions and authority.  New Christian churches arose in Europe (Lutheran, Calvinist, and Anglican Churches).  Education and reading increased due to Protestant beliefs that all people should read the bible.  More books were written in vernacular languages allowing for more people to get educated.  The printing press made books and the bible cheap so everyone could afford to own books.  Religious wars broke out between catholic and protestant nations that led to a decline in the power of the Pope.

Quiz Questions: Reformation 1.What horrific event led to the questioning of church practices in the middle ages? 2.What did Pope Leo X do to raise money to build St. Peter’s Basilica? 3.What were at least 2 church practices that caused people to begin to speak out about the church? 4.What was the Protestant Reformation? 5.Who was Martin Luther and what did he first do to question church practices he believed were immoral? 6.Who was Johann Gutenberg? How did his innovation aid the reformation movement? 7.What did King Henry VIII do to use the reformation movement to aid his own cause? 8.What were at least 2 changes to religion and society brought on by the Reformation Movement? 9.Explain at least 1 other belief that began due to the Reformation Movement.

The Catholic Reformation  The Catholic church’s response to the Protestant Reformation.  Hoped to get protestants to return to the Roman Catholic Church.  High Church officials met to discuss changes that needed to be made to the church. This was called The Council of Trent.  Church stopped selling Indulgences.  Created schools so that priests could be properly trained.  Acknowledged abuses and set strict standards for church officials.  Sent Jesuit missionaries throughout Europe and Asia to gain converts to Catholicism.

The Inquisition  Europe was very religious and very superstitious.  Any negative event (war, disease, death, famine) was often attributed to witches.  Women were overwhelmingly arrested for witchcraft (about 85% women, 15% men).  Many people were also tried for heresy (saying something against church beliefs) by the church.  Some convicted people were excommunicated by the church or tortured, hung, or burned at the stake by the courts.  The Spanish Inquisition was different in that it attempted to also convict and punish those secretly practicing Islam or Judaism.

Sources Cited 1. reformation1http:// reformation1 2. individualism-and-the-endless-divisionary-cycle/ individualism-and-the-endless-divisionary-cycle/