R EFERENCING APA Style

I N -T EXT C ITATIONS These are references inside your actual writing. There are 3 ways to do this: Put the AUTHOR’S SURNAME AND YEAR in brackets when you use their information. In the UK there are over 500,000 Chinese immigrants (Phillips, 2016). Or use the Authors surname IN THE SENTENCE AND PUT THE YEAR IN BRACKETS: Phillips (2016), says that “there are over 500,000 Chinese immigrants in the UK”. Or use the Authors surname IN THE SENTENCE WITH THE YEAR AT THE END IN BRACKETS: Phillips says that “there are over 500,000 Chinese immigrants in the UK” (2016). DO NOT USE THE AUTHORS FIRST NAME EVER. You are not friends, you do not know them, use their surname. If you are unsure which of the two names is their surname you can tell by reading their name. If it looks like this: Cassidy Phillips. Then my first name is at the beginning. Phillips, Cassidy.Then my first name is at the end. If there are TWO AUTHORS: (Phillips & Dunn, 2015) If there are 5 authors, you put all of their surnames. 6 or above you use the term ‘et. al.,’ (Phillips, et. al., 2015)

If you are referencing a website In-Text: You should only use CREDIBLE sources: i.e news/official websites. These articles will have authors. If you use something like ‘The World Health Organization’ then they are classed as the author. In the UK many Chinese immigrants suffer from new English diseases (World Health Organization). If you are referencing a news paper, the article WILL HAVE AN AUTHOR. The news paper IS NOT the author. If you are referencing a book then you MUST put page numbers in: In the UK there are over 500,000 Chinese immigrants (Phillips, 2016, p.50). If you are referencing more than one page use PP. DO NOT DO THIS IF IT IS A JOURNAL OR WEBSITE. REMEMBER: You DO not need to put a number next to your reference: In the UK there are over 500,000 Chinese immigrants (Phillips, 2016)1. Your references are not numbered- you do not need to do anything other than (Author, Year, Page). In-Text references always go next to punctuation. They should never be just randomly placed in the text. In the UK there are over 500,000 Chinese immigrants (Phillips, 2016). Phillips (2016), says that there are over 500,000 Chinese immigrants in the UK.

P ARAPHRASING, QUOTATIONS AND SUMMARIZING. Quotations MUST be in ‘quotation marks’. Like previously mentioned the Authors Surname and Date must be next to, or in this sentence. Quotations should not be very long chunks of text – that uses up a lot of your word count on words that are not your own. If you use a very long quote (more than one sentence, it should stand-alone. For example, if your writing like this and you are about to use a long quote it should look like this: ‘your quote should be tabbed in the page and it should be more than one sentence long. It should still be in quotation marks and your Authors Surname and date can be mentioned within this paragraph or before’ Paraphrasing STILL NEEDS to have a reference. The idea is not your idea, its still taken from someone else so you must reference the place and person you got that idea from. Summarizing is taking the main points from someone else’s argument: This still needs a reference! Overall, anything that is not your idea MUST be referenced.

BIBLIOGRAPHY. Your bibliography is your reference page. You MUST do a reference page. This is where the reader goes to see what information you have referenced and how to find it. It is VERY important you do it correctly, otherwise you are plagiarizing their work. Your bibliography MUST go in ALPHABETICAL ORDER: Connelly, B. (2012) Comedy in England. London: Rogue Publishing. Cox, T. (2016) Life in the UK. London: Blackwell Publishing. Dunn, P. (2014) ‘Sport and its impact on the UK’. Journal of England, Vol. 2. pp Phillips, C. (2015) Fashion in England. Oxford University Press. They are not numbered, they are just put in alphabetical order. Do not format your bibliography like this, it is wrong.

FOR JOURNALS WITH ONE AUTHOR A Journal is an is a publication that publishes new journals every year on the same topic. E.g. Journal of Medicine. It includes many different articles every year The outbreak of chicken pox in Japan How to combat HIV in Africa What is the Zika Virus? Every journal will have a volume number as journals are published in volumes (like a series) or just a number (e.g. number 200), or sometimes both. If they have both, you must put both in your reference. Your reference should look like this: Surname, Initial. (Year) ‘Title of Article’. Title of journal, Vol. 2. No.1, pp You do not need place of publication for a journal. According to APA you need to put this in: Doi: searchfind This is ‘in place’ of a web address. However, you can use the web address if there isn’t a DOI. When I was at University we would never do this (we would reference it as it we had found the actual journal- not from online).  if you do this, it is okay too.

F OR E XAMPLE Phillips, C. (2016) ‘Why England should welcome more immigrants’. Journal of England, Vol.6. pp Now try and reference this journal:

B OOKS Referencing a book is much easier. In your bibliography you DO NOT need to put page numbers. They should still be in alphabetical order with the journals and other references you have. Your book reference layout is: Surname, Initial. (Year) Title of book. Publisher: place of publication. The title must be in italics so the reader knows what type of document they are looking for. Publisher and place of publication should be found on the first or second page of a book. You should be as specific as you can: If the place of publication is Hampshire, UK. Then you can’t just say ‘UK’ you must put both places down.

F OR EXAMPLE Corbelli, J. A. (2006) The Art of Death in Greaeco-Roman Egypt. Shire Publications: Buckinghamshire, UK.

N EWSPAPERS A newspaper is similar to a Journal. I presume you all use newspaper articles online. If so you should include the webpage address. You should also include the specific date. This will be an online article, with one author. Surname, Initial. (Year, Date) Title of Article, Name of News Corporation. Retrieved from [DATE YOU VIEWED THE ARTICLE]: Web page. If you use an actual newspaper it should be as below: Surname, Initial. (Year, Date) Title of Article, Name of News Paper. pp The surname belongs to the author of the article as most articles will have an author. If you don’t have an author then this is how your reference will look: Title of Article. (Year, Date). Name of Newspaper, pp. 2-3 Chinese Economy booming. (2016, 25 April). China Daily News, pp If you don’t have page numbers here you can use the webpage: Title of Article. (Year, Date). Name of Newspaper. Retrieved from [Date of when you viewed it]:

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W EBSITES You cannot reference any website you want. Websites MUST BE CREDIBLE. DO NOT USE WEBSITES LIKE ‘UBER’, ‘AMAZON’ or ‘WIKIPEDIA’. In the West we are told never to reference Websites, however News or Official websites (mentioned earlier) are ok: World Health Organisation, Official Government Websites News Websites. The reason for this is you need an author, or at least the name of an article is so that someone can go and read it. Your web address should not be underlined. WEB PAGE WITH AN AUTHOR: Surname, Initial, Middle Initial. (Year, Date) Title of Document. Retrieved from [DATE YOU RETRIEVED IT FROM]: WEB PAGE WITH NO AUTHOR: Title of Document (Year, Date) Retrieved from [date you retrieved it from]:

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