1. DO NOW: WHAT TYPES OF SOURCES ARE OKAY TO USE FOR THIS RESEARCH PAPER? WHAT ARE THE REQUIREMENTS FOR YOUR SOURCES FOR THIS PAPER AIM: How to use Chicago Style Footnotes?

2. What types of sources are approved for using in your research paper? Articles off of Proquest, Jstor, Gale Sites that ends in.edu or.gov Asia for educators Primary sources that you find on a site Fordham online history book: News cites (cnn, nytimes, etc) The sources from the librarian: o Remember the library database won’t spit out a response o You need to search for articles about your topics At least 6 sources total (only 1 can be an encyclopedia- i.e. ABC clio) Two sources must be primary sources One of the 6 must be from a book (if you find a primary source in a book that’s okay)

3. What do I want to see tomorrow? INITIAL WORKS CITED (3 sources, properly formatted) The sources must be reputable OUTLINE (MUST BE TYPED) Follow the template posted online Your paragraph topics/ideas can change! Remember these are each worth 5 points TOWARDS THE TOTAL 100 POINTS. So if you miss this, you are down 10%!

4. Why Chicago Style Citations? Different academic disciplines use different styles of citations Historians always use Chicago-Style citations Footnotes are used NOT in-text citations In-text citations are DISTRACTING!!!!!!

5. Footnote: Works Cited: A reference, explanation, or comment 1 placed below the main text on a printed page. - It is also the author’s info/publishing info, etc (this is what you will be doing) What is the difference between a footnote and the works cited? A list of all sources used at the END of the research paper Alphabetical order

6. A sample of what footnotes vs. bibliography looks like when it’s all said and done… http://piccionep.people.cofc.edu/graphics/samplepa per2.pdf?referrer=webcluster& http://piccionep.people.cofc.edu/graphics/samplepa per2.pdf?referrer=webcluster& http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/resdoc5e/RES5e_ ch10_s1-0007.html http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/resdoc5e/RES5e_ ch10_s1-0007.html

7. A Note on Footnoting: The first time you cite a source, the note should include ALL citation information, including the page number. For subsequent references to a source you have already cited, give only the author's last name, a short form of the title, and the page or pages cited First: Peter Burchard, One Gallant Rush: Robert Gould Shaw and His Brave Black Regiment (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1965), 85. Subsequent: Burchard, One Gallant Rush, 31. When one work by the same person is cited successively, Ibid. ("in the same place") may be used, with a page number

8. What do you need for your paper? BOTH footnotes and a bibliography Sometimes you will see samples of Chicago papers where all of the footnotes go on a page at the end. This is called endnotes Endnotes=footnotes (but at the end). So endnotes are NOT in alphabetical order (it’s just the order of the footnotes). You can do EITHER footnotes or endnotes but make sure whatever you do you are consistent and follow the correct format Note: In either case, you still need to do a bibliography Here’s a sample:  http://bcs.bedfordstmartins.com/resdoc5e/RES5e_ch10_s1- 0007.html

9. HELP! HOW DO I KNOW WHEN TO CITE INFO I FIND? 1) When you are quoting 2) When you are paraphrasing an idea that is not your own 3) Statistics

10. To quote or not to quote? You really should NOT be quoting for this paper – in general But if you must…only quote when an author’s wording of something is so perfect that you need to borrow it Paraphrase when you read an idea/argument that is not your own but you want to incorporate it into your paper. EVEN THOUGH YOU ARE PUTTING IT IN YOUR OWN WORDS, YOU MUST STILL CITE When in doubt, cite!

11. But when referencing your primary source you may quote (or paraphrase) You need to cite at least 2 primary sources To get credit, start by saying “According to Bartolome de las Casas…” and then pick a line or two that you want to incorporate. You shouldn’t be quoting whole long paragraphs. Excerpt the source (limit it to a few lines) Or you can say, “According to Bartolome de las Casas,…” (and then paraphrase what he said) In either case, you must insert a footnote In either case, after the quote or paraphrasing, you need to explain how this helps to prove your argument and/or the impact this had on society at the time We pick apart primary sources all the time in class, so I expect this to be good!

12. How do you quote? Use quotation marks when you are directly using someone else’s words “” If the quote is more than 3 sentences then you must indent the quote and put it in single-spaced Try not to use quotes that are more than 3 sentences Use quotes for evidence but rely on your own words

13. What is plagiarism? The practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own. It is STEALING If you do not give credit for someone else’s words or ideas then you are STEALING Academic honesty is very serious, remember, this is your integrity. Don’t do it!

14. Yes, it is annoying  Citing properly can be tedious  Footnotes and the bibliography are cited differently  It can be a pain but it matters because it is how we give credit to others  This is a skill that you will continue to use in high school, college, and graduate school….get used to it.