1. Review of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association
Avoid Plagiarism
Plagiarism is an offense that occurs when a writer presents another’s writers works as their own.
APA is the standard method by which you show respect, by giving credit to another author when using their work.

2. Note
The colour scheme used in this presentation is used to help student identify new information.
All APA assignments are to be printed in black and white.
This presentation gives examples of how to reference for
Academic Journal Articles
Digitally Archived Articles
Books, Reference Books and Chapters

3. Without proper in-text citations and a Reference Page at the end of the paper, the work is considered academic plagiarism and Jilin University – Lambton College requires that the student be given a 0% for that assignment.
When using the exact words of another author, put their words in “quotation marks” followed by the (in-text citation).
If using another author’s ideas but your own words (paraphrasing), use an in-text citation so the reader knows that this is someone else’s ideas.

4. Definitions
Quotation Marks = “quotation marks surround the words of authors you are quoting”. Parentheses = (parentheses are the brackets that surround the in-text reference information). Paraphrasing = using my own words to say something that another person already said. Reference page = is required at the end of all papers. A reference page provides the reader with the details to find the originally cited works. There are many important reasons that a subject matter expert will want to see the cited works (credibility, relevance to this topic, etc) .

5. Citing references within the text of your paper
References in APA publication are cited in-text with:
an author(s)
date
This method allow the reader to locate the detailed source of information in the alphabetical reference list at the end of the paper.

6. When using the exact words of another author, put their words in quotation marks.
Example:
Consequently, it was found that “Latino adolescents have higher rates of suicidal thoughts, depression and anxiety symptoms and greater rates of dropping out of high school than white adolescents” (Kataoka et al., 2002).

7. Free Standing Blocks of Text
If the quotation is so valuable and its impact would be lessened by paraphrasing or shortening the quote, and it is more than 40 words in length, it must be
a freestanding block of text
without quotation marks
Indented approximately 1 ½ cm
If there is more than one paragraph, the second and subsequent paragraphs must have the first line indented
The entire quotation must be double spaced
At the end of the block quotation, cite the information in parentheses after the final punctuation mark.

8. Paraphrasing Material
When referring to another person’s idea, it is helpful to provide a page or paragraph number, especially when it would help an interested reader to locate the passage.
Two ways to paraphrase are:
With the need for mental health services for youth being easily identifiable, Wood et al. (2005) observed an absence of mechanisms to deliver the services as the reason that care is not provided to those who need it.
Referral to specialty based services, when they did occur on behalf of minority youth, did not come from the public schools as frequently for non-Hispanic Whites. Instead, referrals for minority groups came from different sources (Yeh et al., 2003).
The author is mentioned in the text
The author is not mentioned in the text.

9. See the chart on the next slide.
The first time an author is cited, you are required to give more detail. The second time the same author is cited, you will provide less detail.
If the citation has more than one author, it will affect the way you record it.
See the chart on the next slide.

10. Citation Styles
When paraphrasing, if you use the authors name, such as, Silver believes that all students can earn an A+ (2012), only the year needs to be in the brackets.
If the author’s name is not used in the paraphrased passage, the name must be included in the parenthesis, such as (Silver, 2012).

11. DOI = Digital Object Identifier
The APA recommends that when DOI’s are available, you include them for both print and electronic sources.
The DOI is typically located on the first page of the electronic journal article, near the copyright notice.
See the example below for the positioning of the DOI in your references.

12. Books, Reference Books and Book Chapters
This category includes reference books such as encyclopedias and discipline specific reference books such as the APA Manual or the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and books that are published in electronic form only, reference works and public domain books that are available online and out of print books that may be available only in online repositories. When DOI’s are available, use them.
See the examples to the right and use the one that works with your reference material.

13. Example Paper
See APA example paper on for a sample of a short, well constructed graduate essay. The example paper has been highlighted with examples from this presentation.
References
American Psychological Association (2009). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. 6th ed. Washington, DC. American Psychological Association.