Chapter 11 - World War I Section 2 A New Kind of War Section 2 A New Kind of War

 Great War was largest in history up to that point  French million soldiers  British - 9 million  Russians - 12m  Germans - 11m  Great War was largest in history up to that point  French million soldiers  British - 9 million  Russians - 12m  Germans - 11m

 Belgians resisted more than Germans expected  Schlieffen Plan failed, French and British forces stopped the German advance  First battle of Marne ended Germany’s hopes for a quick victory  Belgians resisted more than Germans expected  Schlieffen Plan failed, French and British forces stopped the German advance  First battle of Marne ended Germany’s hopes for a quick victory

 Both sides began to dig deep trenches  The trenches turned the war into a stalemate  Millions of soldiers lived in the trenches  Trenches filled with water when it rained  Both sides began to dig deep trenches  The trenches turned the war into a stalemate  Millions of soldiers lived in the trenches  Trenches filled with water when it rained

 Trenches were filled with rats and lice  Area between opposing trenches called “no man’s land”  Each side attacked back and forth only taking a few hundred yards at a time  In one battle, Verdun, 500,000 allied & 600,000 Germans were killed or wounded  Fighting on the Western Front continued that way for 4 years  Trenches were filled with rats and lice  Area between opposing trenches called “no man’s land”  Each side attacked back and forth only taking a few hundred yards at a time  In one battle, Verdun, 500,000 allied & 600,000 Germans were killed or wounded  Fighting on the Western Front continued that way for 4 years

“No Man’s Land”

Technology of Modern Warfare  Many new weapons made killing easier  Machine guns  Many new weapons made killing easier  Machine guns

Technology of Modern Warfare  Many new weapons made killing easier  Machine guns  Long range artillery  Many new weapons made killing easier  Machine guns  Long range artillery

Technology of Modern Warfare  Many new weapons made killing easier  Machine guns  Long range artillery  Poison Gas  Many new weapons made killing easier  Machine guns  Long range artillery  Poison Gas

Technology of Modern Warfare  Many new weapons made killing easier  Machine guns  Long range artillery  Poison Gas  Tanks  Many new weapons made killing easier  Machine guns  Long range artillery  Poison Gas  Tanks

Technology of Modern Warfare  Many new weapons made killing easier  Machine guns  Long range artillery  Poison Gas  Tanks  Submarines (U-boats)  Many new weapons made killing easier  Machine guns  Long range artillery  Poison Gas  Tanks  Submarines (U-boats)

Technology of Modern Warfare  Many new weapons made killing easier  Machine guns  Long range artillery  Poison Gas  Tanks  Submarines (U-boats)  Zeppelins  Many new weapons made killing easier  Machine guns  Long range artillery  Poison Gas  Tanks  Submarines (U-boats)  Zeppelins

Technology of Modern War  Airplane

Who was the most famous flying ace?

Baron Manfred von Richtofen  The “Red Baron”  The most successful pilot of WWI  80 kills  The “Red Baron”  The most successful pilot of WWI  80 kills

Battles on Other Fronts  On Eastern Front battle lines shifted back and forth sometimes over large areas  There wasn’t trench warfare, but casualties were even higher than on the Western Front  On Eastern Front battle lines shifted back and forth sometimes over large areas  There wasn’t trench warfare, but casualties were even higher than on the Western Front

Battles of Other Fronts  Russians had success early on catching the Germans by surprise, but the Germans pushed them back into Russia  In 1915, Bulgaria joined the Central Powers & helped defeat Serbia  In 1916, Romania joined the Allies, hoping to gain land in Hungary  1915, Italy joined the Allies, hoping to gain land in Austria  Italy didn’t do well against a combined force from Germany & Austria, but the British & French bailed them out  Russians had success early on catching the Germans by surprise, but the Germans pushed them back into Russia  In 1915, Bulgaria joined the Central Powers & helped defeat Serbia  In 1916, Romania joined the Allies, hoping to gain land in Hungary  1915, Italy joined the Allies, hoping to gain land in Austria  Italy didn’t do well against a combined force from Germany & Austria, but the British & French bailed them out

War Around the World  Japan joins the Allies and uses the war as an excuse to take German lands in Asia & the Pacific  Ottoman Turks join the Central Powers in October 1914, they then cut off Allied supply lines to Russia, through the Dardenelles (connects Black & Mediterranean Seas)  Japan joins the Allies and uses the war as an excuse to take German lands in Asia & the Pacific  Ottoman Turks join the Central Powers in October 1914, they then cut off Allied supply lines to Russia, through the Dardenelles (connects Black & Mediterranean Seas)

Battle of Gallipoli  1915, Allies send a massive force of British, Australian, and New Zealanders to take the straight  The Turks trap them on the coast  The 10 month battle cost the Allies more than 200,000 lives, they never took the Dardenelles  1915, Allies send a massive force of British, Australian, and New Zealanders to take the straight  The Turks trap them on the coast  The 10 month battle cost the Allies more than 200,000 lives, they never took the Dardenelles

War Around the World  The Russians were also fighting the Turks, in the Caucasus mountains  The region is home to Armenians (Christians), the Turks (Muslims) used the war as an excuse to deport the entire population of Armenians out of the area  During the forced march between 600,000 & 1.5 million Armenians die either of starvation or firing squad  Almost no Armenians live in that area anymore  The Russians were also fighting the Turks, in the Caucasus mountains  The region is home to Armenians (Christians), the Turks (Muslims) used the war as an excuse to deport the entire population of Armenians out of the area  During the forced march between 600,000 & 1.5 million Armenians die either of starvation or firing squad  Almost no Armenians live in that area anymore

War Around the World  In the Middle East the Ottoman Turks had to fight Arab nationalists  They got help from British colonel T.E. Lawrence “Lawrence of Arabia”  He led a guerrilla war eventually taking almost all of Arabia, Middle East and Iraq  The British also took German colonies in Africa  People from every British colony fought in the Great War  In the Middle East the Ottoman Turks had to fight Arab nationalists  They got help from British colonel T.E. Lawrence “Lawrence of Arabia”  He led a guerrilla war eventually taking almost all of Arabia, Middle East and Iraq  The British also took German colonies in Africa  People from every British colony fought in the Great War