1. 27.2 Notes

2. I. The Belligerents A. Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire B. Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia

3. Central Powers Name due to their “central” location in Europe Germany is the most powerful country The Central Powers had enemies on both sides and didn’t want to fight a two front war so they came up with the Schlieffen Plan

4. Schlieffen Plan Plan by Germany to send a massive amount of troops to the west and defeat France After defeating France this would block out British troops and the Central Powers would quickly move their troops back to attack Russia

5. Plan in Action Germany entered France through an unfortified section of neutral Belgium They quickly marched through France winning small victories along the way Got within 40 miles of Paris, France and had the Battle of Marne

6. Battle of Marne Allied forces met the Germans at the Marne river just outside of Paris, France 600 taxi cabs transported reinforcements in Paris to the front line Allied forces won the battle and stopped the advance of the Central Powers and the Schlieffen Plan. Results in a two front war

7. Battle of Marne Took place at the Marne River just outside of Paris Allies stopped German advancement with the help of 600 taxi cabs transporting soldiers back and forth between Paris and the battlefield Both sides dug in fortifications and this guaranteed WWI to be a TWO FRONT WAR

8. II. Innovations in Warfare A. WWI differed from other wars because it was industrialized. B. U-boats 1. Affected Allied shipping. C. Poison Gas D. Machine Guns E. Long-Range Artillery F. Airplane- WWI 1st war used G. Tank 1. Total War- a war in which nations turn all their resources to the war effort. a. Women worked in factories, men were drafted. H. Propaganda- built patriotism

9. Trench Warfare WWI

10. Stalemate After the Allied victory at the Marne River in France the Western Front turned into a stalemate This happened as a result of new technologies like machine guns, barbwire, long range artillery and poison gas. Old war offensive tactics became completely obsolete The result was digging trenches

12. Western Front Trenches were massive formations of ditches that housed soldiers They were dangerous, dirty, disease ridden, secluded, water filled holes in the earth They were dug by hand and lined with wood to prevent walls from caving in Disease ran rampant due to overpopulation and lack of sanitation

15. Problems Bodies and body parts often remained in the trenches, this attracted large rats Body lice ran rampant, they left itchy bite marks on the body and spread disease Waterlogged trenches led to conditions such as trench foot

19. Side Entrance Wall Extension Perpendicular Trench

26. III. Early Years of the War A. Fighting in Gallipoli 1. Allied attempt to remove the Ottoman Empire from the war by capturing Constantinople- failed attempt. B. Naval Warfare 1. Lusitania- Br. Passenger ship carrying US citizens that was sunk by Germans. C. The Stalemate 1. War of Attrition- slow wearing down process of opponent. http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/maps/index.html

28. IV. The US in WWI A. US attempted to sell goods to both sides during the war while staying neutral. B. Zimmerman Note- German attempt to bring Mexico into war. C. U.S. was persuaded to join to help spread the belief of democracy.