Energy Transformation Ms. Lowrie Biology 11

Energy Energy storage & conversion are critical for life Examples: Photosynthesis Cellular respiration

Photosynthesis Solar energy is converted to energy Stored in chemical bonds of carbohydrates

Cellular Respiration Carbohydrates are broken down Energy released Stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Figure 3 (pg 60) Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Usable cellular energy Composed of three phosphate groups Bonds store energy

ATP Functions Used for: Chemical synthesis Active transport Muscle contractions Nerve transmissions Photosynthesis

ATP Releasing Energy If one phosphate removed Energy released ADP: Adenosine diphosphate If 2 nd phosphate removed More energy released AMP: Adenosine monophosphate

Lose Gain

Phosphorylation Addition of a phosphate group AMP to ADP ADP to ATP Created from conversion of high-energy molecules to low-energy molecules Supply of ATP must constantly be replenished

Task Use notes & pages 58 – 60 Answer: #3 & 5 (pg 60) #1 & 2 (pg 64)

#3 – All Energy Linked to Sun Plants Capture sun Make glucose Animals Consume plants & other animals Obtain energy

#5 – Autotroph vs. Heterotroph Autotrophs Obtain energy from sun Light energy Example: Plants Heterotrophs Obtain energy from consuming plants and/or animals Chemical energy Example: Animals

#1 – ATP & ADP ATP Adenosine triphosphate Three phosphate groups High energy Contained in phosphate bonds Usable energy ADP Adenosine diphosphate Two phosphate groups Less energy than ATP

#2 – Glucose to ATP Glucose has too much energy Therefore unusable by cell Must be converted into ATP Usable energy