1. Energy Level Biology

2. A. Energy in Living Systems 1. Metabolism involves energy by either: a.Using energy to build molecules b.Breaking down molecules in which energy is stored 2. Three types of energy conversions used: a.Chemosynthesis b.Photosynthesis c.Cellular respiration 2

3. A. Energy in Living Systems A. Chemosynthesis: inorganic molecules (e.g. hydrogen sulfur) converted to chemical energy. i.E.g.: Bacteria on the ocean floor. B. Photosynthesis: sunlight energy converted to chemical energy (glucose). i.E.g.: Autotrophs C. Cellular Respiration: chemical energy(glucose) converted to ATP. i.E.g.: Heterotrophs 3

4. 4 B. Autotrophs & Heterotrophs 1.Autotrophs use photosynthesis to make their own food. 2.Autotrophs are plants and some algae. 3.Heterotrophs get energy from food (cellular respiration). 4.Heterotrophs are animals such as humans and cows. Euglena

5. 5 C. What is ATP? 1. ATP: used to store energy in living organisms 2. ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate 3. Contains high-energy phosphate bonds 4. ATP contains a nitrogen base (Adenosine), sugar, and 3 phosphate groups. ATP

6. D. Structure of ATP 3 Phosphates Ribose Sugar Nitrogen Base

7. 7 E. Releasing Energy From ATP 1. ATP is constantly being used and remade by cells 2. ATP provides all of the energy for cell activities 3. Breaking the LAST PHOSPHATE bond from ATP, will --- release ENERGY for cells to use

8. 8 F. Releasing Energy From ATP 1. Adding a phosphate group to ADP stores energy in ATP 2. Removing a phosphate group from ATP releases energy and forms ADP Loose Gain

9. 9 G. ATP Roles in Cells 1. Cells Use ATP For: a.Active transport b.Movement c.Photosynthesis d.Protein synthesis e.Cellular respiration f.All other cellular reactions