Monday Nov. 28 th, 2011 Bell Work 1. What is Propaganda? Glossary 2. What is Nationalism? Glossary 3. What are Natural Rights? Glossary

Review Europe divided/ 2 rival camps Chain reaction in Alliance system Allies/Central powers Schlieffen Plan Western Front/ Trench Warfare Eastern front

Review Legacy of World War I 1.New kind of War – New technologies Unprecedented amount of death & destruction Entire generations of Europeans killed 2.Economic Impact on Europe Drained treasuries of European countries Destroyed acres of farmland, homes, towns 3.America the big winner No battles on U.S. soil –Enter War late –Fewer casualties & Economic Hardships 4.Peace Agreement Prompted anger & resentment = World War II

Objectives 1. What countries were in the Big Four? 2. What were the aims of the U.S. government after the war? 3. What were the weaknesses of the Treaty of Versailles?

California State Standard 10:6:1 Analyze the aims and negotiating roles of world leaders, the terms and influence of the Treaty of Versailles and Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points, and the causes and effects of the United State’s rejection of the League of Nations on world politics.

A Flawed Peace Chapter 13.4 Main Idea The Treaty of Versailles dictated by the Allies created bitter feelings among the losers. **With victory comes the spoils of war.** Why it matters These bitter feelings established by the “Treaty of Versailles” cause WWII.

Setting the Stage : January 1919 Paris Peace Conference: 32 countries, led by the Allies Struggled –To solve their problems (What to do with Germany?) –Creating a “lasting” peace! Russian City

Jan Paris Peace Conference: Objective 1 Led by Big Four: 1.Woodrow Wilson (US) 2.George Clemenceau (France) 3.David Lloyd George (Great Britain) 4.Vittorio Orlando (Italy) **Why is Russia not here?** –Most major decisions made by the 4

The Fourteen Points: –Crafted by Wilson –#1-4 End to secret treaties Freedom of the seas Free trade Military reductions –#5 Adjusting of colonial claims –**Fairness towards colonial peoples** –#6-13 Suggestions for creation of new nations **Woodrow Wilson

The Fourteen Points Cont: –#14 Can handle disputes before war breaks out League of Nations: Shot down by U.S. govt.- U.S. felt it would be dragged into Euro Conflicts

Aims of the Allies: Objective 2 France/Great Britain –Wanted to strip Germany of War making capabilities –Wanted Germany to pay $$$ –Gain Central power colonies as reparations Use mandate system US –Lasting Peace –To stay out of European affairs Italy –Wanted to gain territory Japan –Gain territory, influence, respect

Pre-World War I

Germany Loss of territory Severe restrictions placed on military Article 231 “War Guilt Clause” –Sole responsibility of war placed on Germany Germany must pay allies $$$

Austro-Hungary Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia –All Become independent nations –Self determination in action

Ottoman Turks Only maintain control of Turkey England controls: –Palestine, Iraq, Trans Jordan France controls: –Syria, Lebanon Both use mandate system: –Allies govern ex colonies of central powers until judged ready for independence What happened to self determination?

Present Day Middle East 1000s of Jews flee Ottoman Empire Where do they go? Jews go to the middle east (Isreal )

Russia –Russia will lose territory –Romania and Poland gain land from Russia –Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania become independent

Treaty Weaknesses: Objective3 Germany humiliated: –War-guilt clause, stripped of colonial possessions Soviet Union loses territory: –Not at conference Opposition from U.S. : –Too harsh –League of Nations opposed – didn’t want to get involved in foreign issues –Solved nothing, laid foundation for the tensions to build for the next war.

Objectives 1. What countries were in the Big Four? 2. What were the aims of the U.S. government after the war? 3. What were the weaknesses of the Treaty of Versailles?

Reaction to the Treaty of Versailles Germany Africa & Asia Italy and Japan