Ch.5 Student Assistance

Fill in the American Identity Chart as we go through Chapter 5 Economy – Education – Religion – Publishing – Political Ideas – War -

Ch.5 Vocabulary 5.1 apprentice Someone who learns a trade from an experienced craftsman Great Awakening A religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s Jonathan Edwards Well-known minister of the Great Awakening George Whitefield Popular minister of the Great Awakening, who drew crowds of thousands Enlightenment Intellectual movement stressing reason and science as the paths to knowledge Benjamin Franklin American Enlightenment figure who was a scientist and inventor John Locke English philosopher who argued that people have natural rights

Ch.5.1 Early American Culture The British colonies are shaped by prosperity, literacy, and new movements in religion and thought Land, Rights, and Wealth Cheap farmland, many resources give colonists chance to prosper Property owners, landowners, city dwellers who pay fee could vote. American colonies have three rigid classes: High rank – large landowners Middle rank – small farmers Low rank – servants, slaves, hired workers Colonial women hold the same rank as their husbands or fathers.

Ch.5.1 Early American Culture The British colonies are shaped by prosperity, literacy, and new movements in religion and thought Women and the economy Enslaved African women help raise cash crops Most white women are farm wives: do house work, tend gardens, animals Also work in fields, barter with neighbors for goods and services. Women in towns do house work, some run inns, businesses Women could not vote, preach or hold office Women could not own property without husband’s permission

Ch.5.1 Early American Culture The British colonies are shaped by prosperity, literacy, and new movements in religion and thought Young People at Work Colonial families often large; more children means more workers At age 6, boys are “breeched” help father at work At age 11, boys often become apprentices – learn trade from craftsmen Work free 4-7 years; receive necessities, training; then work for wages Girls rarely apprenticed, learn household skills from mother At age 13 to 14, often sent to household to learn specialized skills

Ch.5.1 Early American Culture The British colonies are shaped by prosperity, literacy, and new movements in religion and thought Colonial Schooling Most children are taught to read to understand Bible Only Children from rich families learn writing, arithmetic Poor children learn reading from mother or “dame schools” Textbooks emphasize religion Colonial America has high literacy rate Educated African Americans rare; illegal to teach enslaved to read

Ch.5.1 Early American Culture The British colonies are shaped by prosperity, literacy, and new movements in religion and thought Newspapers and Books Many newspapers appear in colonial America Most books come from England; gradually colonist publish own books Almanacs, regional histories, personal stories are popular Captivity Narratives popular, about colonists captured by Native Americans

Ch.5.1 Early American Culture The British colonies are shaped by prosperity, literacy, and new movements in religion and thought The Great Awakening Many colonists lose religious passion; religion seems dry, distant In 1730s, 1740s, the Great Awakening religious movement is influential: Emphasizes inner religious emotion Deemphasizes outward religious behavior Jonathan Edwards is a popular preacher involved with Great Awakening

Ch.5.1 Early American Culture The British colonies are shaped by prosperity, literacy, and new movements in religion and thought The Great Awakening Great Awakening changes colonial culture: Congregations argue about religious practices, split apart Many join other Protestant groups Some groups welcome women Some groups welcome African Americans, Native Americas Inspires George Whitefield; sermons raise money for some orphans Great Awakening results in Political Independence = encourages equality, right to challenge authority Enthusiasm = Get excited about your faith AMEN

Ch.5.1 Early American Culture The British colonies are shaped by prosperity, literacy, and new movements in religion and thought The Enlightenment The Enlightenment emphasizes knowledge through reason, science Benjamin Franklin is famous American Enlightenment figure Enlightenment begins in Europe; scientists discover natural laws English philosopher John Locke says people have natural rights (born with) Rights to life, liberty and property Natural rights protected by government If government fails, people have the right to abolish or change it Ideas about natural rights, government influence Europe, colonies Other major European Enlightenment thinkers Voltaire – Freedom of Speech and Religion Montesquieu – Separation of Powers/ Checks and Balances in Government Rousseau – Social Contract

Ch.5.1 in your notes packet On the right side lets define the key ideas together. Now we will go through the notes on the left. Underline any moral issues you see in the Great Awakening/ Enlightenment notes. Circle and political issues you see in the Great Awakening/ Enlightenment notes. Now, fill in the Chart to help formulate your response to the question below.

Ch.5 Vocabulary 5.2 Magna Carta A 1215 document granting rights to English people Parliament England’s chief lawmaking body Edmund Andros Royal governor who limited colonists’ rights Glorious Revolution The takeover of the English throne by William and Mary during 1688 and 1689 English Bill of Rights A 1689 royal agreement to respect the rights of English citizens and of Parliament salutary neglect Leaving alone in a helpful way John Peter Zenger A colonial publisher whose trial in 1735 led to freedom of the press  

Ch.5.2 Roots of Representative Government Colonies expect their government to preserve their basic rights as English subjects The Rights of Englishmen In 1215, King John is forced to accept Magna Carta (Great Charter) Magna Carta grants rights to English noblemen and freemen: Cannot have property seized by king or his officials In most cases, cannot be taxed unless council agrees Cannot be put on trial without witnesses Can be punishes only by jury of peers Over time, rights of Magna Carta are granted to all English people

Ch.5.2 Roots of Representative Government Colonies expect their government to preserve their basic rights as English subjects Parliament and Colonial Government Parliament – England’s chief lawmaking body has two houses: Members of House of Commons are elected by the people Members of the House of Lords are nonelected English colonists form representative assemblies like House of Commons English colonists govern themselves in some ways England has authority over colonial governments Parliament had no colonial representatives Passes laws that affect colonies Colonists dislike these laws, clash with king-appointed royal governor

Ch.5.2 Roots of Representative Government Colonies expect their government to preserve their basic rights as English subjects A Royal Governor’s Rule James II becomes king (1685), imposes strict rule on colonies Combines Massachusetts and Northern colonies into one dominion Appoints royal governor Edmund Andros to rule dominion Andros ends representative assemblies; colonists refuse to pay taxes

Ch.5.2 Roots of Representative Government Colonies expect their government to preserve their basic rights as English subjects England’s Glorious Revolution English Parliament overthrows King James, appoints William and Mary Chang in leadership is called England’s Glorious Revolution (1688) William and Mary uphold the English Bill of Rights (1689): Monarch cannot cancel laws Monarch cannot impose taxes unless Parliament agrees Free elections, frequent meetings of Parliament Excessive fines and cruel punishment forbidden People can complain to monarch without being arrested Establishes government based on law, not on desires of ruler American colonists claim these rights

Ch.5.2 Roots of Representative Government Colonies expect their government to preserve their basic rights as English subjects Shared Power in the Colonies After Glorious Revolution, Massachusetts regains self-government Still have king-appointed royal governor Governor, his council, colonial assembly share power Royal governor can strike down laws Colonial assembly responsible for governor’s salary If governor blocks law, assembly might refuse to pay him England has little involvement in colonial affairs – salutary neglect Governors rarely enforce certain laws, colonists feel independent

Ch.5.2 Roots of Representative Government Colonies expect their government to preserve their basic rights as English subjects The Zenger Trial John Peter Zengel – publisher of New-York Weekly Journal In 1735, he prints criticism of New York’s governor At the time, illegal to criticize government in print Stand trial; jury says he has the right to speak truth Is released, colonists move toward freedom of press

Ch.5 Vocabulary   5.3 French and Indian War A war (1754–1763) between Britain and France for control of North America. Each side had Native American allies Albany Plan of Union First formal proposal to unite British colonies Battle of Quebec British victory in 1759 that was the turning point of the French and Indian War Treaty of Paris (1763) Treaty ending the French and Indian War and French power in North America Pontiac’s Rebellion Native American revolt against the British in1763 Proclamation of 1763 British order forbidding colonists to settle west of the Appalachians

Ch.5.3 The French and Indian War Britain’s victory in the French and Indian War forces France to give up its North American colonies France Claims Western Lands French claim territory from Appalachian range to Rocky Mountains (1682) Main French settlements along the St. Lawrence River in Canada Colony of New France’s population about 80,000 (1760) British colonies’ population more than a million settlers (1760) Many Europeans in New France work as fur traders

Ch.5.3 The French and Indian War Britain’s victory in the French and Indian War forces France to give up its North American colonies Native American Alliances English compete with French for furs Native Americans groups compete to supply furs to Europeans Huron, Algonquin peoples allies of French; Iroquois allies of English Series of wars between French, English, and Native American allies Final war is the French and Indian War (1754- 1763)

Ch.5.3 The French and Indian War Britain’s victory in the French and Indian War forces France to give up its North American colonies Conflict in the Ohio River Valley British Fur Traders move into the Ohio River Valley (1750s) French destroy village and British trading post to keep British out French build forts to protect region: Virginia colony upset, claim region French refuse to leave, capture English fort, rename it Fort Duquesne

Ch.5.3 The French and Indian War Britain’s victory in the French and Indian War forces France to give up its North American colonies War Begins and Spreads George Washington surrenders Fort Necessity to French troops (1754) French and Indian War part of larger Seven Years’ War Seven Years’ War is worldwide struggle for empire between Britain, and France Iroquois refuse to ally themselves with British Benjamin Franklin’s plan to unite colonies – Albany Plan of Union Colonial legislatures defeat this plan

Ch.5.3 The French and Indian War Britain’s victory in the French and Indian War forces France to give up its North American colonies Braddock’s defeat British send General Edward Braddock, two regiments to Virginia Braddock and his troops defeated by French and Indian Troops (1755) Braddock killed; second-in-command Washington miraculously survives

Ch.5.3 The French and Indian War Britain’s victory in the French and Indian War forces France to give up its North American colonies The British take Quebec By 1759, British control six French forts For two months British unable to capture the fort at Quebec Finally, British troops sneak up cliff path, attack fort in the morning British Commander James Wolfe, French commander Montcalm killed British defeat French at Battle of Quebec; turning point of war.

Ch.5.3 The French and Indian War Britain’s victory in the French and Indian War forces France to give up its North American colonies The Treaty of Paris Britain, France battle in other parts of world three more years Seven Years’ War ends in 1763; British win Treaty of Paris: Britain claims all of North America east of the Mississippi France gives New Orleans and Louisiana territory to Spain Britain gives Cuba, Philippines to Spain for Florida Ends French power in North America

Ch.5.3 The French and Indian War Britain’s victory in the French and Indian War forces France to give up its North American colonies Pontiac’s Rebellion British settlers move onto Native American lands Native Americans attack settlers, destroy forts – Pontiac’s Rebellion British give Delaware war leaders smallpox infected blankets Starts deadly outbreak; Native Americans retreat British issue Proclamation of 1763: Forbids colonists to settle west of Appalachians Angers colonists who thought they had won right to settle.