Bell Ringer How did Native American groups adapt to their environment? How did this diversity effect Native Americans?

Bell Ringer There are many ways that events and are memorialized. What and who do we memorialize? And what are the ways that these events and people are memorialized?

Civil War

Lincoln

Statue of Liberty

Mount Rushmore

Gateway Arch

Iwo Jima Memorial

Vietnam

Bell Ringer What was happening in Europe during the Middle Ages?

Medieval Europe Early Middle Ages (AD ) –Dark Ages: 1st 500 years Europe is plagued by numerous problems Lack of Strong Central Government –Fall of Rome –Constant warfare Decline in trade –Roads deteriorated –Turned to barter system Decline in formal learning –Warfare = destruction of libraries, schools, museums –Education neglected, people focused on survival alone

Feudalism Restored order and insured protection against invaders Political System--- the Gov't. based on control of land Kings grant land (fief) to nobles (lords/vassals) in return loyalty and military support Lords become more powerful than kings --- increase land holdings Lacked strong central authority Lords ruled over their own lands Controlled own armies of knights

Economic System –Manor system - land, rather than trade, was major source of wealth –He whose manor was largest, had all the power. –Peasants not permitted to own land, live under protection of lord who owns the land –Peasants work land and provide food/services for upper classes –Manor almost entirely self- sufficient, thus no trade or expansion was needed.

Social System –Feudalism divided society into classes King, greater lords, lesser lords, knights, peasants (or serfs), and townspeople Class determined at birth Little social mobility = no ladder to climb Medieval Church 1054 church divides in two –Eastern or Orthodox Church---church of Byzantine Empire and Russia –Roman Catholic Church--- dominant religious institution in Western Europe Provided stability Unified Europe under one Church and the Pope

Functions of Church –Religious---refuge and hope –Political---records for births, marriages, death, & religious laws. It was the supreme civil authority –Economic--- Collected tithe---10% tax on person’s income –Social---maintained education for the arts, literature, and culture.

Late Middle Ages ( ) Discrimination –Roman Catholic Church teaches---“only those who believe (in the teachings of the Catholic Church) will be saved.” –Anti-Semitism---prejudice against Jews Jews forced to live in ghettos Crusades--- The Pope called for a Holy War Muslims considered enemy to Church Recapture the HOLY LANDS (Jerusalem) from Muslims 7 crusades in 200 years Failed to regain the Holy Lands permanently for Christians

Cultural Diffusion –Contact with advanced civilizations of Muslim and Byzantine Empire result in exchanging ideas and interests RENAISSANCE –As a result the RENAISSANCE renewed interest in learning and gaining knowledge about the outside world which encouraged trade, exploration, and discovery. Revival of Trade European desire for foreign goods was introduced when men returned home from the CRUSADES. Cities replace manors / Italy Dominates because of location near the sea

Decline of Feudalism –Trade decreases feudalism –Coined money back in use –New middle class---merchants and craftsmen –Serfs run away to town or buy freedom and became tenant farmers –Power of kings increase Source of wealth shifts from land to money Feudal system gives way to nation-states led by strong kings seeking to build their empires. EXPLORATION ** Creating the need for EXPLORATION.

Causes of Exploration Traders want faster TRADE routes to ASIATraders want faster TRADE routes to ASIA Explorers search for adventure, glory and richesExplorers search for adventure, glory and riches Spanish desires to spread ChristianitySpanish desires to spread Christianity Increase in knowledge and education sparks curiosity about the rest of the world.Increase in knowledge and education sparks curiosity about the rest of the world.

Effects of Exploration The search for the fabled Northwest Passage will lead to European control of all of North America European settlements are founded Trade and mercantilism grows European nations compete for colonies Conflicts with Native Americans develop Slavery is introduced to the Americas Three Cultures Clash--- NA/African /European

Exit Ticket What were 3 problems happening during the Early Middle Ages (Dark Ages)?

Exit Ticket Define feudalism is your own words.

Exit Ticket List 3 causes and 3 effects of exploration.

Exit Ticket What was the Columbian Exchange and why was it so important for Europe?