TEXT LETTER TO 37607:

UNIT 7- PROGRESSIVE ERA 1890s Please have out your Progressive packets from the stations… & muckraker homework KEY QUESTION: Fixing the problems of the Gilded Age…. How did Progressives seek political, economic, and social change in society?

What is a “muckraker”? (last week’s homework?) Are there any examples of muckraking today…….?

Muckrakers- Journalists who exposed problems in society Ida Tarbell- abusive practices of Standard Oil Trust Lincoln Steffens- corruption in government Upton Sinclair- working conditions/ food sanitation

UNIT 7- PROGRESSIVE ERA 1890s Fixing the problems of the Gilded Age…. How did Progressives seek political, economic, and social change in society? What SPECIFIC issues did the U.S. face by the end of the Gilded Age? (1900 or so) SOCIALECONOMICPOLITICAL

Station 1: JACOB RIIS- using photography to show the plight of the urban poor

Station 2: (NOTES): Making government more “democratic”

Reforms making gov’t more “democratic” On the state level: – Initiative- CITIZENS make gov’t vote on an issue – Referendum- CITIZENS vote on a law itself – RECALL- voters can remove elected officials

On the national level 17 th AMENDMENT: – Direct election of US Senators – (Before 1913, state legislators chose- lots of power to party bosses and big business)

What might be appealing about Communism to the Progressives?

Station 3: Consumer Protection Upton Sinclair Writes the Jungle about meat packing industry President Roosevelt reads… demands action 1906 Meat Inspection Act 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act- “truth in labeling”

Margaret Sanger Arrested for…..

Writing about birth control…. She believes it’s necessary for the equality and health of women… How so? Why do you think this was considered “obscene”?

What were the arguments against women’s suffrage? What were people scared of?

Women’s Suffrage… Background review Elizabeth Cady Stanton… Lucretia Mott Susan B. Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt (NAWSA) – KEEP GOING STATE BY STATE… vs. Alice Paul- Nat’l Women’s Party – Radical- GO FOR CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT 19 th Amendment- WOMEN’S RIGHT TO VOTE

What were the messages of the cartoons? Do you believe the government should criminalize intoxicating drugs, including alcohol? Explain…

Prohibition Women’s Christian Temperance Union… Anti-Saloon League… Prohibition Party… 18 th Amendment Bans manufacture, distribution, sale, consumption of alcohol

CHILD LABOR Keating-Owen Act (1916)-outlaws child labor in industries engaged in interstate commerce – declared unconstitutional By 1929 every state had a provision banning children under fourteen from working. What was the impact of the Triangle Shirtwaist fire?

What was the status of African Americans in the early 1900s?

African Americans- pretty much ignored by “Progressives” DuBois Harvard educated Northerner Focus: FULL EQUALITY NOW for African Americans Creates NAACP- fights for equality in courts Washington Southerner Former slave Focus: Education, work hard now…. Eventual equality Cooperate with, seek support of southern whites Forms Tuskegee Institute in Alabama

Booker T. Washington v. W.E.B. Dubois Who was a stronger advocate for African Americans?

Unit 7 key question: How did Progressives seek political, economic, and social change in society? CAN WE ADD TO OUR LIST?

An important political aim of the Progressive movement was to 1.guarantee government jobs for the unemployed 2.stimulate democratic reforms such as the initiative and the referendum 3.create a unicameral national legislature 4.increase the participation of African Americans in the Federal Government

In the early 20th century, muckrakers were able to influence American society mainly through their 1.frequent acts of civil disobedience 2.activities as government officials 3.publication of articles and books 4.control over factories

How the Other Half Lives, Jacob Riis (1890) The Jungle, Upton Sinclair (1906) The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck (1939) Unsafe at Any Speed, Ralph Nader (1965) What has been the impact of these authors and their books on American society? 1.Most Americans have developed a preference for escapist and romantic literature. 2.Most American authors have adopted a con- servative viewpoint 3.American business has corrected poor condi- tions quickly. 4.These works have had significant influence on social, political, and economic reforms.