Isolationism US foreign policy was to avoid conflicts with other countries.

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US foreign policy by 1914.

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Presentation transcript:

Isolationism US foreign policy was to avoid conflicts with other countries

Imperialism The policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, and/or military control over weaker territories.

Closing the American Frontier

Japan, Trade, & Matthew Perry Japan was isolated until Perry made them sign the treaty of Kanagawa & trade with the US Matthew Perry

The Open Door Policy

Spheres of influence Chinese ports were taken over by foreign nations & they had special rights there

The Open Door Policy Secretary John Hay. Give all nations equal access to trade in China. Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken over by any one foreign power.

The Boxer Rebellion: 1900 Chinese resistance US and other foreign nations use military to end

U. S. Interests In Hawaii Naval Base- Pearl Harbor Fertile soil- Sugar, Coffee, Pineapples American businessmen backed by military overthrow Queen Liliuokalani – American businessmen backed by military overthrow Queen Liliuokalani. Republic of Hawaii in 1894.

Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani Hawaii for the Hawaiians!

America as a Pacific Power

The Spanish-American War (1898):

Spanish Misrule in Cuba

Spanish treatment of Cubans

“Yellow Journalism” Joseph Pulitzer William Randolph Hearst You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war! You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war! Newspapers reported the uprising with dramatic headlines and articles.

Remember the Maine and to Hell with Spain!

Teddy Roosevelt and The “Rough Riders”

Dewey Captures Manila!

US wins- gains Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico & Philippines

Teller Amendment (1898)- Cuba would be independent after war. No US involvement Platt Amendment (1903)- Cuba could not borrow money or make treaties without US approval Cuban Independence? “Uncle Sam teaches the art of self government”

Foraker Act Puerto Rico Supreme Court Gave Puerto Rico a limited say over their own affairs

Led a revolt against the US in the Philippines US soldiers fighting in Philippines Emilio Aguinaldo

Panama: Acquiring the Canal Zone Colombia controls Panama Roosevelt upset because Colombia will not sell land Panama revolts against Colombia Marines helps Panama win independence Hay-Bunau-Varillia treaty Panama sells land to US to build canal

Panama Canal TR in Panama (Construction begins in 1904)

Problems building it Patient with yellow fever Eradicating the mosquito

In 1913, Mexican president Madero was overthrown by dictator Victoriano Huerta The US refused to recognize Huerta & demanded that he step down so legitimate elections could be held for a new president When Huerta refused, Wilson used minor incidents (arrest of some U.S. sailors) to send the military to occupy Veracruz & force Huerta to flee to Europe Mexican rebel Pancho Villa tried to provoke war with the U.S. by raiding across the border Wilson responded by sending the military to find Villa (who were unable to do so)

Our “Sphere of Influence”

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1905 Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power power.

The Roosevelt Corollary One of the greatest concerns was the intervention of European nations in Latin America: – –In 1903, Germany & England threatened to invade Venezuela to collect unpaid debts –Roosevelt Corollary –TR issued Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine in 1904 claiming special “police powers” TR warned European nations to stay out AND warned Latin American nations to be more responsible or the U.S. would intervene

“Constable of the World”

Speak Softly, But Carry a Big Stick!

The Great White Fleet: 1907 Roosevelt sends Fleet around world to show off power of America

Gun Boat Diplomacy

Russo- Japanese War Treaty of Portsmouth= Nobel Peace Prize for Teddy Japanese attack Russian troops in Manchuria US fears both a strong Russia and Japan Japanese win battles and ask Roosevelt to negotiate peace treaty

“Dollar Diplomacy” “Dollar Diplomacy” President Taft Replace European loans with American Economic Imperialism Use dollars instead of bullets to control Latin America Reduce chances of European Intervention

Dollar Diplomacy in Action US business invest billions in Latin America Mines, railroads, sugar, bananas President Taft send Marines to Nicaragua to stop revolution and protect American investments Marines stay for 21 years to enforce Roosevelt Corollary

The Roosevelt Corollary was used to justify American armed intervention in the Dominican Republic, Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua, & Mexico Attempts to maintain order in Latin America led to pro-American regimes that relied on dictatorial rule over its citizens