The Age of Jefferson

Jefferson as President Making the presidency safe for democracy Initial acts –Alien and Sedition Acts expire –Naturalization Act of 1802 –Debt reduction Albert Gallatin –Eliminates internal taxes (whiskey tax) The Judiciary –Repealed Judiciary Act of 1801 –Attempted (but failed) to remove justices by impeachment “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.” ~ Thomas Jefferson’s First Inaugural Address ~

Marbury v. Madison (1803) The case –1801 – William Marbury appointed Justice of the Peace (DC) –John Marshall (Adams’s Secretary of State) does not sign commission –Madison (Jefferson’s Secretary of State) does not sign his commission –Marbury wants a writ of mandamus The court –Chief Justice: Marshall –Recuse The decision –The court does not have the power to issue a writ of mandamus –BUT it does have power to interpret the Constitution –Judicial review

Louisiana Purchase 1800 – France acquires Louisiana from Spain Haiti –Toussaint L’Ouverture –Slave rebellion New Orleans –Robert Livingston and James Monroe –Purchase for up to $10 million Napoleon offers to sell all of Louisiana –$11.25 million –Assume French debt (3.75 million) –Total: $15 million "By enlarging the empire of liberty we … provide new sources of renovation, should its principles, at any time, degenerate, in those portions of our country which gave them birth.” ~ Thomas Jefferson ~

The Louisiana Purchase  Final cost  828,000 miles 2  529,920,000 acres  2.8¢/acre  Doubles size of country "Let the Land rejoice, for you have bought Louisiana for a Song.” ~ Gen. Horatio Gates ~

Lewis and Clark Meriwether Lewis William Clark Purposes –Map the Missouri River –Northwest Passage –Scientific study “Corps of Discovery” Sacagawea

The Pike Expeditions Zebulon Pike James Wilkinson Aaron Burr 1806 Pike’s Peak “Great American Desert”

Barbary Pirates

The Duel Essex Junto –New England Federalists –Secession –New York –Aaron Burr to run for governor –Hamilton criticizes Burr Burr challenges Hamilton to duel –July 11, 1804 –Cliffs of Weehawken Got Milk? “A dangerous man, and one who ought not to be trusted with the reigns of government.” ~ Alexander Hamilton ~

The Election of 1804 Jefferson runs for second term Jefferson Charles Pinckney - 14 Federalists –Moderates become Republicans –Main party localized to New England

Neutrality Endangered France –Continental System (1806) Britain –Orders in Council (1806) France –Milan Decree (1807) Other problems –Impressment : 6,000 sailors impressed –Chesapeake-Leopard Affair (1807) 3 Americans killed, 18 wounded “Honest friendship with all nations, entangling alliances with none” ~ Thomas Jefferson’s First Inaugural Address ~

America Responds Non-Importation Act (1806) –Forbids specific British goods –Does not work Embargo Act (1807) –All trade with Europe ended –Extended in 1808 –Repealed in 1809 Non-Intercourse Act (1809) –Banned trade with Britain and France –Would reopen trade with whomsoever abandoned trade restrictions Jefferson declines a third term –Madison becomes President –“Virginia Dynasty”